Animal husbandry is an important industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood，Meat, eggs, and milk are important varieties in the people’s “vegetable basket”，Directly affects the quality of life of the people and the level of economic and social development。The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of Animal Husbandry"，Proposed to “continuously enhance the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the livestock industry” and “better meet the people’s diversified consumption needs for livestock and poultry products”。Specially invited experts in this issue will discuss related issues。
An important source of high-quality and safe meat, eggs and milk supply
What are the characteristics of modern animal husbandry？Protecting national food security、What role does it play in prospering the rural economy？
Wang Mingli (researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences): Animal husbandry is an important source of stable supply of high-quality and safe meat, eggs, and milk，It is also related to environmental safety、Disease prevention and control and biosecurity，It is also responsible for absorbing rural labor employment、The important task of increasing farmers’ income and assisting rural revitalization。Modern animal husbandry is a strategic industry that ensures food security and promotes the improvement of residents’ living standards，Under the premise of ensuring the ecological environment，By absorbing and integrating modern elements，Emphasis on improving quality、Benefits and disease prevention and control capabilities，Thus enhancing sustainable supply capabilities，Sustainable supply for the people、High quality、Safe animal products。
Modern animal husbandry has the following main characteristics.
First, green and sustainable production methods。The traditional and extensive livestock production method comes at the expense of the environment and consumes a lot of resources。Our country has a vast territory、Diverse climate types with obvious differences between regions，Modern animal husbandry needs to comprehensively consider the economic foundation of each region、Ecological environment、Resource carrying capacity, etc.，Make carbon reduction an important focus，Take the road of green and sustainable development。
The second is efficient output、Product Safety。Production efficiency directly determines the ability to ensure the supply of livestock products，Modern animal husbandry must not only meet the people’s needs for high-quality and safe meat, eggs, and milk，At the same time, it is also necessary to ensure the stable supply of major livestock and poultry products，Continuously optimize product structure、Improve quality, safety and production efficiency，Better meet the people’s diversified consumption needs for livestock and poultry products。
The third is to have advanced and practical scientific and technological equipment support。Technological innovation and progress are the key supports for modern animal husbandry，It plays an important role in improving the overall quality and efficiency of the industry。Modern animal husbandry needs to actively absorb modern elements according to local conditions，In particular, explore the use of digital technology、Biological breeding technology、Synthetic Biotechnology、Agricultural machinery equipment technology and other traditional elements are continuously improved，Effectively cultivate and develop new productive forces。
The fourth is to have fast and efficient disease prevention and control capabilities。With the expansion of the livestock industry and the improvement of scale，The occurrence of major animal diseases is increasing，Threat to the safety of animal husbandry industry、Livestock product safety and public health safety。Modern animal husbandry needs to continuously strengthen normalized disease prevention and control，Improving the ability to respond quickly and effectively to emergencies。
The modern animal husbandry industry chain is long，The upstream and downstream industrial chain covers forage planting and processing、Livestock and poultry breeding、Animal husbandry equipment design and manufacturing、Livestock and poultry slaughtering and processing、Cold chain transportation、Product Sales、Ecological tourism and veterinary medicine、Animal health and other industries，Covering many aspects of primary, bet365 online sports bettingsecondary and tertiary industries。
Animal husbandry has played an important role in improving the dietary structure and nutritional status of our residents。Establish and practice the big food concept，Required while ensuring national food security，We must also ensure a stable supply of high-quality and safe meat, eggs, and milk。According to calculation，my country’s per capita grain consumption in 2023 is 134.7kg，Decreased by 4 from 2020.6%；Same period，Per capita meat consumption 72.9kg、Bird eggs 25.2kg、Milk 42.5kg，An increase of 20 compared with 2020.4%、2.7%、11.3%。
Animal husbandry is the pillar industry of agricultural and rural economy，Enriching and improving the industrial system、Make full use of the characteristic agricultural and sideline product resources in different regions、Plays a unique role in promoting a virtuous cycle of agricultural production。In 2023, the animal husbandry industry alone will contribute approximately 3% to the breeding sector.9 trillion yuan output value，Accounting for 25% of agricultural output value。If the feed is produced、Slaughtering and processing、Veterinary drug production, etc. included，The output value is about 8 trillion yuan。Currently，84 listed companies in my country’s livestock industry，Accounting for 41% of agricultural listed companies.4%。
Animal husbandry plays an increasingly important role in increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen。In the vast pastoral areas，More than 60% of herdsmen’s income depends on animal husbandry；In rural area，A rough estimate is that animal husbandry operating income accounts for about 1/3 of agricultural operating income。The pig scale is larger、An example of an industry with a high degree of capitalization，Among the top 30 companies in the country，23 companies mainly adopt the "company + farmer (agent household)" model，More than 50% of its pigs are raised by agency farmers，The agent farmers with the highest proportion provide about 90% of the pigs for slaughter。Pig breeding has a significant stabilizing effect on increasing farmers’ income。Also，Many areas will develop animal husbandry，Like planting grass and raising cattle、Growing grass and raising sheep、Growing grass, raising rabbits, etc.，As an important industry that consolidates and expands the results of poverty alleviation and effectively connects rural revitalization。
Enhanced quality, efficiency and competitiveness of animal husbandry
In recent years，What specific results has my country achieved in promoting the transformation and development of animal husbandry？
Liu Fang (Dean of School of Economics and Management, Beijing Agricultural University、Director of Beijing Rural Revitalization Research Base): Animal husbandry is an important part of my country’s agricultural economy，In ensuring the basic living needs of the people、Plays an important role in promoting economic development and realizing agricultural modernization。In recent years，my country has introduced a series of supporting policies to promote the high-quality development of animal husbandry，For example, "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Mechanization of Animal Husbandry", "Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Animal Husbandry", "Regional Prevention and Control Work Plan for African Swine Fever and Other Major Animal Diseases (Trial)" and "Financial Assistance in High-Quality Development of Animal Husbandry" Work Plan", "The 14th Five-Year Plan National Forage Industry Development Plan", etc.，Through strengthening technological innovation、Legal guarantee and financial support，Accelerate the construction of modern livestock and poultry breeding、Animal epidemic prevention、Processing and circulation system，And promote the utilization of manure resources，Strengthening safety supervision of forage feed，Continuously enhance the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of animal husbandry。
With the support of various policies，my country’s animal husbandry is developing rapidly，And achieved remarkable results。
First, the scale of the industry continues to expand，Production capacity has been significantly improved。The output of my country’s major livestock and poultry products is generally on an upward trend，With the promotion of large-scale and intensive breeding，Industrial system of modern animal husbandry、Production system、The management system is basically formed。Meat, egg and milk production continues to grow，The level of yield per unit area continues to increase。2023，Pork output 57.94 million tons、Beef output 7.53 million tons、Milk production 41.97 million tons、Mutton output 5.31 million tons、Poultry meat production 25.63 million tons，Poultry egg production 35.63 million tons，An increase of 4 compared with the previous year respectively.6%、4.8%、6.7%、1.3%、4.9%、3.1%。
bet365 online sports betting liveSecond, the types of livestock and poultry are constantly enriched，Product structure optimization and adjustment。Our country has formed a diversified livestock product production system，Not just traditional pigs、Cow、Sheep、Chicken、Duck, etc.，Also includes camels、Pigeon、Quails and other livestock，Special livestock and poultry include sika deer, etc.，Covers a variety of livestock and poultry species。Diversity of categories helps meet the needs of different consumers，And the production structure can be adjusted according to market demand，Add high quality、Featured and differentiated product supply。In product structure，The structure of meat, eggs and milk continues to adjust，The proportion of pork in meat dropped to 62%，Closer to market demand，The production and sales of raw milk, beef and mutton are booming。Also，Accelerate the development of grass-fed livestock industries such as poultry, cattle and sheep，Making the supply structure of livestock products more reasonable，The dietary structure of urban and rural residents continues to improve。
Third, quality and safety are more guaranteed，Focus on ecological protection and sustainable development。Traditional breeding models and technologies are gradually being eliminated，Turn to promote green、Ecology、Organic farming technology，Animal husbandry is developing towards ecological direction。Veterinary drug quality sampling pass rate、The pass rate of veterinary drug residue sampling in livestock and poultry products and the pass rate of feed products sampling remain at a high level。my country’s livestock and poultry industry has gradually transformed from scale expansion to structural optimization，By establishing standardized demonstration farms and ecological breeding demonstration areas for livestock and poultry breeding，While improving breeding efficiency，Reduce environmental pollution。
The fourth is to improve the level of mechanization and intelligence。With the large-scale development of animal husbandry，my country’s animal husbandry mechanization technology system is more complete，Technology service innovation capabilities continue to increase，Automation、Informatization、The supply of intelligent livestock machinery products continues to increase。Breeding equipment companies give full play to their role as innovation entities，Independent innovation and application capabilities have been significantly improved，A batch of advanced scientific and technological innovation achievements and intelligent equipment are being applied to animal husbandry at an accelerated pace。For example，The intelligent cruise system can monitor the environment and the number of pigs in the pig house、Body、Real-time monitoring of health status, etc.，Effectively reflects the current life and physical condition of pigs。Closed modular intelligent pig breeding series facilities and equipment not only realize the breeding environment、Material line、Waterline、Automated management of manure treatment and other matters，At the same time, the centralized collection and treatment of all feces and the harmless treatment in fermentation bed mode are realized。Remote feed monitoring and precision feeding system can formulate standard nutritional formulas according to different growth stages of cows，and put into different herds，Ensure cows have free access to fresh rations throughout the day，Also control costs，Reduce waste of feed raw materials。
Improve the ability to increase production and ensure supply of livestock and poultry products
What are the changing trends in the consumption of livestock and poultry products in my country？How to better meet the people’s consumption needs for diversified livestock and poultry products？
Liu Changquan (researcher at the Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences): Livestock and poultry products are an indispensable and important part of the food consumption of urban and rural residents in my country。In recent years，With the income growth of urban and rural residents and the upgrading of food consumption structure，my country’s consumption of various livestock and poultry products continues to grow。Calculated based on apparent consumption of production plus net imports，2010 to 2023，Milk consumption has grown the fastest among livestock and poultry products in my country，Cumulative growth of nearly 60%，Meat、Poultry and egg consumption increased by more than 28%。In various varieties of meat，Beef consumption is growing the fastest，Cumulative growth 63.4%。As consumption increases，The status of livestock and poultry products in the dietary consumption of urban and rural residents in China tends to rise。Calculated based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United bet365 online sports bettingNations，As of 2022，Livestock and poultry products provide about 17% of dietary energy and about 32% of dietary protein for urban and rural residents in my country，Slightly improved compared with 2010。
At the same time，The diversified characteristics of livestock and poultry product consumption are increasingly obvious。Long time，Pork is the most important component of livestock and poultry product consumption in my country。As total consumption continues to grow，The consumption structure of livestock and poultry products also continues to be optimized and upgraded，High protein、Low-calorie beef and mutton、Milk and poultry consumption is growing faster，The share of animal-source nutrition tends to increase。If the consumption of the above livestock and poultry products is calculated based on the dietary energy provided，2010 to 2023，The proportion of pork decreased by 5.4 percentage points，The proportion of other types of livestock and poultry products has increased to a certain extent。Not only that，Beef and mutton、Milk and poultry play a more prominent role in the supply of animal source protein，Similar to changes that play a role in animal source energy supply，Proportion continues to rise。
You、美、日、Comparison of per capita consumption of livestock and poultry products in South Korea and other countries and regions，my country’s meat consumption level is low、There is still a big gap in milk consumption、Poultry and egg consumption is obviously leading。As of 2022，my country’s per capita apparent meat consumption is 69.9kg，Less than 60% of the United States；Per capita apparent milk consumption 42.9kg，Less than 17% of EU countries and the United States；Per capita apparent consumption of poultry and eggs is more than 50% higher than that of EU countries and the United States。In meat，my country’s poultry meat consumption level is relatively low，Per capita apparent consumption is only 33% of that of the United States.2%。Compared with the above countries and regions，The gap between livestock and poultry products in the dietary nutritional supply of urban and rural residents in my country is more reflected in the protein supply。2022，The proportion of livestock and poultry products in the dietary caloric supply of urban and rural residents in China is the same as that in Japan、similar to Korea，But better than EU countries、The United States is nearly 10 percentage points lower，The proportion of dietary protein supply for urban and rural residents in China is the same as that in Japan、more than 10 percentage points lower than South Korea，Nearly 30 percentage points lower than EU countries。
The Party Central Committee attaches great importance to the production and supply of livestock and poultry products。Currently，my country’s livestock and poultry industry has better met the domestic consumption demand for livestock and poultry products，The self-sufficiency rate of livestock and poultry products remains at a high level as a whole。But，Imports of livestock and poultry products also grew rapidly，And the concentration of import sources is high。2023，Meat self-sufficiency rate 94.8%。Among them，Pork、Mutton、Poultry meat self-sufficiency rate is above 90%，But the beef self-sufficiency rate dropped to 73.4%。2010 to 2023，my country’s net meat imports increased nearly 50 times，Average annual growth 34.8%；Net milk imports increased by 1.7 times more，Average annual growth 8.2%。In meat，Pork、Beef has shifted from net exports to net imports，The average annual growth rate of net beef imports in the past five years has reached 21.4%。The concentration of imported sources of livestock and poultry products is generally high，The largest import source countries of meat and milk account for more than 40% of their respective total imports。
From the changes in consumption of livestock and poultry products and the proportion of livestock and poultry product nutrition in dietary nutrition，China’s consumption of livestock and poultry products still has great potential for growth，And accompanied by structural adjustment，Beef、Milk、Poultry and other low-calorie、Consumption of high-protein livestock and poultry products will grow faster。
Further improving the ability to increase production and supply of livestock and poultry products is an important task to ensure food security and a stable and safe supply of important agricultural products。Therefore，First, we must accelerate the improvement of domestic livestock and poultry product supply capabilities，Focus on strengthening the breeding of excellent varieties、Improving the socialized production and service system、Promote the application of mechanization and intelligent technology，Strengthening epidemic prevention and control、Deep processing、Technological support for postpartum loss reduction and other aspects，Building a modern livestock and poultry industry system、Production system and management system。Second, we must continue to promote structural adjustments such as replacing grain with feed，Cracked feed grain、The problem of insufficient forage supply，Focus on promoting the utilization bet365 online sports betting appof localized feed resources，Improving the resource utilization efficiency and competitiveness of the livestock and poultry industry。Promote the development and application of low-protein dietary formula technology，Reduce over-reliance on foreign protein feeds。Third, we must strengthen the construction of the interest linkage mechanism in the livestock and poultry industry，Improve the distribution position of breeding links in the livestock and poultry industry chain，Improving the industrial support policy system，Further enhance the dominant position of moderate-scale family breeding in livestock and poultry breeding，Consolidate and improve the breeding foundation of the livestock and poultry industry。Fourth we must accelerate green and low-carbon development，Focus on improving the resource utilization level of livestock and poultry manure，Promote resource recycling and reuse through a combination of planting and breeding。Comprehensive application breeding、Nutritional feeding、Manure management and other aspects of technology，Accelerate the green energy transformation，Promote carbon emission reduction in the livestock and poultry industry。Five to improve the market stability mechanism，Focus on improving market monitoring and fluctuation early warning mechanisms、Capacity control and reserve adjustment mechanism，Improve countercyclical adjustment capabilities，Guarantee the stable development of the industry。
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