bet365 online sports betting app
3month22Sunday is the annual "World Water Day"。This year’s theme of our country is “Strict Management of Water Resources，Promote a new leap forward in water conservancy”。
Beijing is a water-scarce area，Insufficient water resources per capita300m3, only the national per capita share1/6, the world’s per capita possession1/25. "Beijing Urban Master Plan" (2004Year-2020Year)》positioned northern Beijing as an ecological conservation area，After years of exploration——
Five major models to conserve water resources in northern Beijing
North of Beijing is the Miyun Reservoir、Water source conservation protection zone upstream of Guanting Reservoir and Ming Tombs Reservoir，Starting from Yanqing Haituo Mountain in the west，East to Miyun Wuling Mountain，Total area approx.7602.6square kilometers，roughly covering Changping、Yanqing、The four districts and counties of Huairou and Miyun，Is an important water source and ecological barrier for Beijing，Responsible for Beijing50%The above urban industrial and domestic water.
In the process of building the North Beijing Water Resources Conservation Zone, we must highlight“1234”Planning，That is, a scientific outlook on development，Two new concepts (people-oriented、harmony between people, water and mountains)，Three Development Strategies (Technology Pioneer、Humanistic Support、Harmonious development) and achieving four goals (water-producing corridor、Water Saving Corridor、Clear water corridor and green corridor)。
According to the characteristics of different regions，Water resources conservation should adopt different models flexibly according to local conditions。After years of exploration，We can summarize five main models of water resource conservation in northern Beijing。
Small watershed management Yanqing Baihe Model
The Baihe River Basin is located in the northeast of Yanqing, accounting for 1% of the total area of the county42%, mainly including4townships，All in deep mountainous areas。The main problem in the past was serious pollution，Most residential areas in the basin are located near the main channel and tributaries of Baihe River，Sewage、Garbage directly pollutes water sources；Insufficient flood control capacity of rivers，The hillsides along the river are cut with steep slopes，In wet years, it is easy to cause floods and mudslides。
The main measures for management are: surrounding the main channel of Baihe River，Focus on low mountain and hilly areas，Strengthen soil and water conservation supervision and law enforcement，Incorporate artificial restoration measures such as creating water conservation forests，Improve the environment and protect water resources；
Watershed management bet365 online casinocombined with the development of tourist attractions，Develop ecological agriculture compatible with water source protection、Tourism Agriculture、Leisure agriculture，Concurrently transform the infrastructure and ecological environment of villages along the river。
Zhongshan and above，Implementing ecological forest compensation in mountainous areas、Comprehensive grazing ban、On the basis of captivity，Implement ecological migration。Adequately carry out ecological restoration，Utilize the ecological functions of vegetation, especially shrubs and grasses，Realizing natural water conservation in mountainous areas。
Through comprehensive management，Enable the water and soil erosion control rate in the Baihe River Basin to reach80.5%，Formation of ecological agriculture and ecological leisure brand along Baihe River，Developed a number of high-grade eco-villages。
Water source protection zone Miyun stone box mode
Shixia small watershed is located northeast of Miyun Reservoir，It is a typical Yanshan soil and rock shallow hilly area，Total area33square kilometers。The main feature of this area is the thick soil layer，Higher population density，Frequent human activities，Severe soil erosion。
The main measures for governance are: based on the optimized allocation of soil and water conservation measures，Form a three-layer protection system，From the watershed to the bottom of the ditch，layers of defense，Every step of the way，Water and soil“Flow without losing”；
Promote clean agriculture，Controlled Pesticides、Fertilizer、Pesticide Application；
Control livestock and poultry breeding and total quantity，Mainly herbivores，Mainly biological feed。At scale、Intensive breeding farms promote feces resource utilization，Ensure that the discharge of breeding waste meets the standards；
Create suitable growth on barren slopes、Shrubs and forest grasses with water and soil conservation functions，And configure a ban on afforestation in this area，Building a reservoir、Small water storage projects such as ponds and dams，To reduce soil erosion，Increase water storage capacity。
This kind of comprehensive management is based on achieving obvious benefits，Especially made important contributions to ensuring the water quality of Miyun Reservoir。
Sand controlKangzhuang mode
Yanqing Kangzhuang is located in the sandy area in northern Beijing，Characterized by drought and windy、Serious desertification、Water shortage、Scarce vegetation。
The main idea of governance is，It is necessary to build a windproof and sand-fixing forest network as the basis，Taking water source engineering as a breakthrough，Establishing a garden landscape-style sand ecological environment model，Promote the comprehensive development of agriculture。
The Yanqing County Forestry Bureau broke through the previous sand pits that were mainly planted with poplar trees in planning and design、Barren beach management model，But according to different site conditions，Design techniques combined with garden landscape，bet365 online sports bettingDesigned four typical plant planting models: forestry ecological production model、Creature Siege Column Mode、Garden landscape mode、Near-natural forest mode，So that the design of desertification control projects can reflect the diversity of biological species、Multiple tree species、Multiple plants、Multiple colors、Multiple levels，What a shame、Good life、Good-looking“Five more and four better”’s principles，Finally achieved evergreen all year round、There are flowers in three seasons、Mixed needle and broad、Strong layered landscape effect。
Ecological agriculture Zhuanghugou model
Zhuanghugou is located in Tanghekou Town, Huairou District，Belongs to the stony mountainous area of North China，includes13natural village。The main types of soil erosion are scaly surface erosion and layered surface erosion，Gully erosion in local areas、Flash Flood、Mudslides, etc. happen from time to time。
The main idea of governance is，According to soil erosion and economic laws，Take“Treat both upper, middle and lower levels to achieve a good harvest of fruits and grains”'s governance model.
In the upper reaches of the basin，Adopt mountain closure and aerial seeding afforestation according to different site conditions，Restore vegetation；
In the middle reaches of the basin，Developing timber forests on shady slopes，Plots with poor sunny slope conditions are transformed into shrubs to develop firewood forests；
In the lower reaches of the basin，Transformation of sloping farmland，Building horizontal terraces。Building a mortar stone village dam、Ground protection dam，Return the water to the tank。Leveling the land，Promote the development of water conservancy supporting facilities and irrigated land，Promote high-yield mulching technology。
Circulating water affairs Xiangtan clean small watershed model
Xiangtan Clean Small Watershed is an important water conservation area in the west of Changping District，Watershed area57Sq. km. Its development goal is to follow“Take water as the vein, green as the clothing, literature as the accumulation, people-oriented”’s planning ideas, give full play to the advantages of water resources, and build“Wetland Area”, create“Blue sky, clear water, green ground, cool air”'s best living environment.
With the development of tourism in the basin，Driven the local economy，However, it also has a negative impact on the ecological environment and water resources protection in the upper reaches of the reservoir area。The biggest problem is the increase of domestic waste。By building environmentally friendly star-rated toilets、Assembly trash can、Building landfills, etc.，Effectively curbing garbage pollution。
There are still water resources in northern Beijing6questions
The contradiction between water supply and demand intensifies
1999Since the year, Beijing has continued7year drought，Reservoir water storage cannot make ends meet。Currently Miyun Reservoir is storing water10billion cubic meters，Deduct dead storage capacity，Can only meet the urban water supply for one year。Groundwater levels continue to decline，bet365 online sports betting liveThe depth of groundwater in plain areas has exceeded20M.
Hidden dangers in water supply safety
Part of the water supply pipe network is aging and the leakage rate is as high as12.3%，Some secondary water supply facilities have safety hazards，The water hardness of the self-provided well increases，Decreased water quality。The tap water supply guarantee capacity is too low。Farmers’ drinking water safety is low。
Insufficient water conservation in rural areas
Water waste in northern Beijing still exists，Inadequate promotion of water conservation work。Society、Low penetration rate of household water-saving appliances，Water metering facilities need to be improved；The phenomenon of flooding in greening water still exists；Although the sewage treatment rate is increasing year by year，But due to the lag in the construction of recycled water pipe network，Low utilization rate of recycled water；Agricultural water-saving engineering system、Imperfect management system，The amount of new water used for irrigation is too large。
Water infrastructure needs to be improved
The recycled water utilization pipe network system has not been built yet。Water supply、Drainage、The task of transforming the combined rainwater and sewage pipe network is very arduous。The construction of grassroots watershed water stations is not yet complete，The management system and mechanism have not been completely straightened out，There are still differences between the functions of the new department and the functions of the original department。Water Regulatory、Basic work such as management standards needs to be further strengthened。
Natural water resources have declined seriously
Since20century70Since 1990s，Due to the impact of climate change and human activities，The water resources situation in this region has undergone drastic changes，Significant reduction in natural runoff，Increase in groundwater depth，Reduced groundwater recharge，Showing an obvious regional drought trend。Affected by precipitation supply，The amount of groundwater resources has also been significantly reduced，Groundwater levels continue to decline，Water quality has deteriorated significantly。
Water use and industrial structure are not reasonable enough
There are still many unreasonable aspects in the existing industrial structure and water use structure in the northern Beijing area。nearly20The socio-economic development over the years also shows that，The growth of a region’s economic aggregate does not increase in proportion to the consumption of water resources，In recent years, industrial water use in northern Beijing has shown zero or negative growth，Explanation of industrial structure adjustment、Production process transformation has indeed contributed to reducing water consumption。
Beijing New Rural Construction Research Base Research Group of Beijing Agricultural College
(Research team leader, Dean of Beijing Agricultural College、Professor Wang Younian，The main contributors to the project include He Zhongwei、Yu Hong、Shi bet365 online sports betting liveGuanglu、Jia Haiyang、Wang Xianjie、Liu Yueping、Gu Jicheng、Zhang Haiying、Liang Wei et al。）
