This year74year-old Mr. Yang，Qixian Village, Hancunhe Town, Jiafushan District，Mentioning the “Jingnong” red adzuki beans grown at home，He laughs at himself for having been an “earth bug” all his life，It’s like opening a chat box。
“2009Year, mine10037,000 kilograms of red beans were harvested per mu of land, the highest yield per mu381jin,Total income of more than 100,000 yuan。"Uncle Yang said，I also planted adzuki beans when I was young，The yield per mu is more than 100 kilograms，The output is far from as high as it is now。He said to reporters sincerely，“This kind of place，It doesn’t matter what you plant，Seeds come first。”
“Food is the first priority for the people”，Plant seeds first。End of last year，Beijing has formulated the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” for the development of the seed industry，Make building a “seed industry capital” a goal of agricultural development。This year4month，The State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Modern Crop Seed Industry"，Further clarified the "national strategic nature of the seed industry"、Basic core industry” status。
2014Year，The grand event of the global seed industry-"World Seed Conference" will be held in Beijing。
The power of seeds is becoming increasingly apparent.
Full color palette of the “Five Color Adzuki Bean” series from the Adzuki Bean Research Laboratory of Beijing Agricultural College，No more than 20 people in the country have seen it。
"Black Pearl" adzuki beans are as valuable as gold
Few people will know，Adzuki bean is actually a proper noun，It is the scientific name of adzuki bean。
红小豆，Also known as red bean、Chixiaodou、红豆，Anciently known as Chi Shu, etc.，English nameRed bean. In short it is related to“Red”Related. But are there other colors of adzuki beans?
Today,“Five-color adzuki beans”，Under the years of cultivation by the adzuki bean research team of Beijing Agricultural College，has become a reality。
White、Bright white、黄白、turmeric、Orange、Orange、Green、Red、Black、Piedmont、Grey Flower、红花——Reporter interviewing at Beijing Agricultural College，I was deeply attracted by the adzuki bean color palette shown by Associate Professor Pu Shaojing of the adzuki bean laboratory。Colorful beans on a book-sized color palette，Total12colors.
On another swatch，Only red is subdivided into ultra-light red、light red、Bright red、中红、medium dark red、Crimson6Species.
“This color palette is the only one in the country。Among them，Pure black、Golden and yellow color adzuki bean varieties，From the breeding experts of Beijing Agricultural College，Unique in the world。”Teacher Pu told reporters.
White adzuki bean products are crystal clear，Always regarded as the best in Japan。But，Japanese white adzuki beans，Hard to compare with our country’s Jingnong white adzuki beans。The reporter saw it at the Adzuki Bean Research Laboratory of Beijing Agricultural College，Cracked navel is common in Japanese white adzuki beans，Dried seeds。And Jingnong White Adzuki Beans，full of grains，Almost no cleft navel is visible。
“No more people in the country have seen five-color adzuki beans50No one in the country has seen the full range of color palettes in real form20More people.”When he said this, Teacher Pu was very proud.
Not long ago，The reporter interviewed Liu Tianmin, the person in charge of the Dalian branch of the Japanese Hojo Stuffing Factory, a major customer of red bean, over the phone。He said frankly，Except red、White and white，There are currently no other colors of adzuki beans in Japan。himself，Only“I saw black adzuki beans once in the laboratory of Professor Jin Wenlin of Beijing Agricultural College。”
A bean variety is so rare?Pu Shaojing said, as far as the whole country is concerned,Currently“Beinong”The most complete varieties cultivated,Even so,There are only original species of green adzuki beans20jin, golden yellow beans10Lai Jin, white adzuki beans5jin, and the original black adzuki bean species is less,Only3jin,“Real‘Black Pearl’, worth as much as gold.”
Generally speaking，Breeding a new general adzuki bean variety requires at least7Year，To develop a special new variety of adzuki beans，It’s hard to find。
15years ago，Professor Jin Wenlin encountered a material that no one had seen before during the experiment。After getting bet365 online sports betting liveit，Professor Jin is like a treasure。experience10Carefully cultivated for more than ten years、Repeated breeding，Finally cultivated a rare variety with promotion value。This is today“Black Pearl”。
The research on five-color adzuki beans not only enriches the color system of adzuki beans，Viewed from the nutritional antioxidant analysis，Mung adzuki beans are from red adzuki beans2.5To3times, black adzuki beans are green adzuki beans3times.
Teacher Pu told reporters，After large-scale planting of five-color adzuki beans，Will further enrich people’s diet types and structures，In terms of improving people’s health and creating foreign exchange for the country，has broad prospects。“Follow a seed100—150Calculated by multiplying the reproduction speed, this day will not be long.”
Today,Guizhou to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the south，North to the Heihe River on the Sino-Russian border，There is a presence of Beijing Xiaodou，20Cumulative cultivation nationwide during the year80Ten thousand acres.
The cultivation of five-color adzuki beans，Embodying the efforts of Professor Jin Wenlin and the scientific research team，Sick due to overwork，Professor Jin Wenlin in2007Year4Yue passed away due to illness at the age of only50years old.
As a pioneer in comprehensive research on adzuki bean biology in China，Beijing Agricultural College’s adzuki bean research has won several awards in the world“only”、“First”, now working hard to build adzuki bean industry“Scientific Research—Seed industry—Planting—Processing—Sales”’s complete industrial chain.
Silage corn is super tall4meter
“For10Ten thousand kilograms of corn seeds, two companies started fighting.”The person in charge of Beijing Beinong Seed Company encountered an incident not long ago“Headache”。
3A day in late January，He received a call from the boss of a kind of company in Jilin Province，Said he wanted to buy1010,000 catties of corn seeds。Only one day has passed，An old customer in Shanghai also called，Required after purchase2On the basis of 10,000 catties of seeds, we will urgently add more10Ten thousand catties.
“Only in stock10It’s ten thousand pounds, who should I give it to?”This person in charge is in trouble，Finally, we have to talk a lot about coordination，Both parties reluctantly“divide”The only one in stock.
What both parties are competing for is a kind of food called“Beinong Silage208”'s new silage corn variety.
“Maize silage is to harvest the whole corn plant at the appropriate harvest period，After crushing，Lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions，Used as feed for cows and other animals。”“Beinong Silage208”'s breeder——Professor Pan Jinbao of Beijing Agricultural College introduced it to reporters.
Alfalfa is called the queen of feed，Corn silage is the king of feed，is an almost perfect feed。
As early as1998When Pan Jinbao was a visiting scholar in the United States,“I saw European and American cows eating corn silage，At that time our country90%The above cows are still eating straw。This is like eating other people’s cows‘Big meal’, our cows have just solved the problem of food and clothing.”This shocked him deeply.
“When will the dairy cows in our country be able to eat corn silage?”Let Chinese cows eat it too“Nutritional meal”。After returning to China，Pan Jinbao turned the focus of his research topic to silage corn。
from1999Starting from the year, Pan Jinbao and his team every year5Month arrives10Month, conducting research and breeding of silage corn in Beijing;11Month to next year4Yue, breeding in Hainan. continuous13Spring and Autumn have never stopped。Every Spring Festival，Just in time for the critical period of corn pollination，In order to accurately grasp the characteristics of breeding materials，They spend every Spring Festival in Hainan。
The hard work was not in vain. Professor Pan has successively trained5Excellent varieties of silage corn, including“Beinong Silage208”，Because of high yield、High quality、Premature、Good green staying power，Successively acquired by Shanghai Guangming、Inner Mongolia Yili、Selected by dairy giant farms such as Mengniu，The current cumulative promotion area across the country reaches20Ten thousand acres.
Planted by a seed company in Inner Mongolia“Beinong Silage208”, the results show that the single plant is the highest4.12meter, the highest yield per mu6.9tons, biological yield (dry matter) average2200kg/mu, higher than other varieties16%, the advantages are obvious.
What does silage corn look like?“One size larger than ordinary corn”，Professor Pan gestured to reporters。bet365 online sports betting liveForeign silage corn can grow up to5Above meters, the highest domestic record is4.5meters, approximately as high as a two-story building.
Today,Corn silage has become the main roughage for some large domestic breeding enterprises。The reporter saw this at a dairy farm in Daxing District of Sanyuan Seed Company of Shounong Group，The Friesian cows here have eaten corn silage“Nutritional meal”。
In front of a huge silage corn pit covered with thick plastic sheeting，The reporter grabbed a handful of fermented silage corn and smelled it，A rich sour fragrance hits your nose，No wonder cows love eating so much。“Everyone can eat it”, one staff member joked.
Speaking of the benefits of cows eating corn silage，Li Xizhi, deputy manager of the breeding center, introduced，Currently annual milk production ratio per cow10Increased years ago2617kg, average more milk production per day7kg。The two key indicators for evaluating milk quality are milk fat percentage and milk protein，It is also significantly improved than in the past，And the milk tastes better。
As far as we know, currently in China70%The above cows are still eating yellow storage (straw)，This causes low milk production in dairy cows、An important factor in poor milk quality。
“The most efficient, economical and safe”, Professor Pan uses three in a row“most”, emphasizing the significance of promoting silage corn,“This is the only way to develop grain-saving animal husbandry.”
“Beinong Silage 208” is popular in Inner Mongolia、Jilin、Favored by farmers in Shanghai and other places。The picture shows Inner Mongolia Jingqi Seed Company harvesting silage corn。
Drought-resistant wheat does not "drink water"
Wheat is not“Drink water”，Planted this year。Hu Yuenong, a farmer in Miyun County，Planted this year100mu“Beinong66No.”Drought tolerant wheat.
Some days ago，The reporter came to Lao Hu’s wheat field again。A large green wheat field，Compared with the first time the reporter came before Qingming Festival，The wheat seedlings are soaring20Many centimeters.
“Since last year10Month after sowing to today，I haven’t watered it yet。There was little rain and snow last winter and this spring，The drought is severe，Can grow like this，I really didn’t expect it”, Lao Hu told reporters.
In the area of Zhuanghetun Village, Shilibao Town, Miyun County，Lao Hu is a well-known farming expert，In his opinion，Wheat is a crop that particularly likes to drink water，What winter water、Green Water、Jointing water、Yanghua Shui、Grout water……
But，Severe water shortage in Beijing，There is no condition to let wheat open and drink。
According to data provided by the city’s water affairs department，Beijing’s per capita water resources are only the world average1/8, national average1/3left and right。Due to successive years of drought，The amount of available water resources in the city has decreased in recent years1/3Above.
Introduced by Yu Xuefeng from Miyun County Quality Agricultural Products Service Center，Due to lack of water，Miyun County wheat planting area has increased from1810,000 acres reduced to2Ten thousand acres. There is data showing that nearly20In recent years, the winter wheat planting area in Beijing has increased from24010,000 acres reduced98Ten thousand acres.
“It’s not that I don’t want to water the wheat, but there is no water to water it now.”Lao Hu is also helpless. The one on his farm50Meter-deep machine shaft, starting from2009We won’t be able to bring water by the end of the year.
“Is there any problem?‘Drink water’Wheat?”Last year10Month，It’s wheat sowing time again，Lao Hu went to the county and township seed stations for consultation。I didn’t expect it，There really is such a seed——“Beinong66, Beinong67”。
This kind is commonly known as not“Drink water”’s wheat，is a dry farming variety selected and bred by Associate Professor Kang Enkuan of Beijing Agricultural College。Teacher Kang gently pulled out a wheat seedling，Shaking the soil particles，Tell reporters how it resists thirst“Secret”：
“Look，It has well-developed roots，Wider water absorption range，Secondary roots deep underground40cm, while ordinary wheat only30cm。Look at the shape of its leaves，Narrow leaves，Can reduce water transpiration。There is a layer of barbed hair on the leaf surface，Like protective armor，Can prevent insects from eating，No more‘Wound’, less interference from the outside world, and less likely to lose moisture.”
“This is just a superficial feature，The most important thing is the genetics of the breed itself——One of its parents has a highly resistant gene from Tibet。”
“Average annual precipitation in Beijing450mm，This is enough for the Beinong series of dry-fed wheat，In other words, just by melting snow、Rain，Wheat can also grow well。Therefore，Accurate name，It should be wheat without irrigation。”Mr. Kang, are you right?“Drink water”The statement about wheat is a little bit“Objection”。
Planting not“Drink water”Wheat，Brought real economic benefits to Lao Hu。He settled an account，Irrigate once，The total water and electricity charges per mu of land is20Yuan, his100Acquisition of land requires expenses2000Yuan, if you follow the usual practice, you need to water at least the entire seedling period3Times of water, watering alone will cost6000Yuan money.
And now，The wheat is about to be harvested，He didn’t pay a penny。This account，Obvious value。
Looking at the overall situation of Beijing, there is still a bigger account to be settled.
According to estimates, one acre of wheat irrigation uses about 1,000 tons of water.80Cubic meters, as per irrigation3times calculation, water consumption throughout the year240Cubic meters. Planting not“Drink water”Wheat means that every acre of land can save water every year240Cubic meters. According to this calculation, the whole city is nearly100The annual water saving of 10,000 acres of wheat is as high as approximately2.4Billion cubic meters.
No“Drink water”’s wheat has gradually gained a reputation in Miyun County，Planting was promoted throughout the county last year3000Multiple acres.“Saving trouble, saving water, high yield, white flour, and delicious”, Cui Tieying, head of the County Longyun Seed Industry Company, said.“Some farmers came from far away and asked for this wheat seed by name.”
“It’s okay without water, but better with water.”Teacher Kang said. Under normal watering conditions,“Beinong66”The highest yield per mu in Beijing1056jin, the highest yield per mu in Hebei is even as high1412Jin.
In addition to saving water，The ecological role of non-irrigated wheat is becoming increasingly significant。Due to its outstanding drought and cold resistance，It also has obvious advantages in controlling seasonal surface exposure in winter and spring in suburban areas of Beijing。
"Urgent" seeds
From the colorful five-color adzuki beans，To two-story corn，Not again“Drink water”Wheat，Beijing’s seed industry，Relying on technological content and comparative advantages is gradually entering people's vision and life。
Actually，Planting with promotion value in Beijing、Livestock and poultry、Aquatic products、There are far more kinds of seeds such as fruits and flowers than these……
According to incomplete statistics, across the country3Beijing varieties account for more than 100 million acres of corn planting area1/10, North China winter wheat4000Beijing varieties account for 10,000 planting areas1/4, Beijing's national market share of grandparent egg breeders20%，High-breed cow frozen semen、Grandfather broiler breeder、Rainbow trout seeds、Sturgeon fry also have the highest market share in the country40%Above.
Chili，In the field of seeds，A fierce market competition: quietly started，And regardless of national boundaries。
Currently,“foreign”Fruits and vegetables have occupied the domestic high-end fruits and vegetables50%Market share above。Even the cucumber、Tomatoes、Chili、Cauliflower、Common vegetables such as eggplant，Also available“foreign”Origin.
The same applies to the flower industry，A large number of people have not seen it、Exotic flowers and plants that cannot be named，They all come from distant foreign countries。
Recently，Ma Shuping, Deputy Director of the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture revealed，Currently total35A multinational seed industry is registered in China.
China is the origin of soybeans，Monsanto, the world’s largest seed company, uses a wild soybean material near Shanghai，Create a species“High yield soybeans”，And apply for a patent accordingly。Zheng Yu, chief agronomist of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau, wrote an article，Already appeared in our country“Grow Chinese beans and invade the United States‘Quan’”'s passive situation.
Facing international competition in the seed industry market，How to deal with it，Put in front of government decision-makers and relevant units。
Beijing is2010At the end of the year, the "Beijing Seed Industry Development Plan" (2010—2015), build“The capital of seed industry”Regarded as the fundamental goal，Gradually forming China’s seed industry science and technology innovation center and global seed industry trading exchange service center。
bet365 online sports betting appAccording to the plan, it is expected to arrive2015, Beijing’s seed industry’s total sales will exceed85100 million yuan, which can generate more than 100 million yuan in income for farmers in the suburbs of Beijing every year4Billion yuan. All that is left to us is4year, this is not far away“Large”Target.
Zheng Yu revealed，After decades of construction and development，Beijing has initially established an important position in the development of the national seed industry——The scientific and technological innovation center of the national seed industry，A gathering center for seed industry enterprises，National seed industry trading and exchange center，Built a seed industry development service platform。
Currently, Beijing has the largest number of agricultural research institutes and R&D institutions in the country80Multiple; the strongest scientific research force, professional breeder1000Multiple people. In addition, the national-level germplasm resources preserved in this city have reached39Wanfen, ranking second in the world.
In the forefront of the national seed industry10Strong, yes4A Beijing company. worldwide10Strong seed industry giants, there are8Family establishes R&D or branches in Beijing。Beijing Seed Conference has been successfully held18These have injected confidence into the development of Beijing's seed industry.
Facing the main problems existing in the city’s seed industry，Zheng Yu did not avoid it，First, the scale of development of the seed industry is still small、Weak driving ability；Second, the institutional mechanism for seed industry innovation needs to be improved；Third, the environment that promotes the healthy and sustainable development of the seed industry needs to be optimized。
2014In 2016, the World Seed Conference will be held in Beijing, Beijing“The capital of seed industry”has entered the countdown.
