Recent，The Second Farmers Daily’s Theoretical Seminar on “Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating the Construction of an Agricultural Power” was held in Beijing。Conference ends with "Resource Constraints、Power conversion and industrial upgrading" "Digital empowerment、Governance Innovation and Rural Development" is the topic，Invite more than 20 universities、Research Institute、Young scholars from central enterprises and other units conduct online and offline exchanges。Some results of the conference are now excerpted and published，For readers。
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Director of the Research Office of the Rural Economic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council、Researcher Han Yang。
Ensuring food security is the primary task of promoting agricultural and rural modernization，While ensuring food security is a priority，Strive to promote green and low-carbon development of agriculture and rural areas。Current agricultural fields such as soil、Forest、The effect of carbon sequestration and increase in carbon sinks in the ocean is relatively obvious，Studying and defining the coverage and standards of carbon sinks in agriculture-related fields has certain theoretical and practical significance。
He Ke, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of Huazhong Agricultural University.
Agricultural transformation under the “double carbon” goal requires grasping two keys: first，Comprehensively consider the bottom line of food security and the driving force for transformation and development，Clearly define the new connotation of agricultural development under the “double carbon” goal、New features and new orientations；Second，The development path should expand the market-driven mechanism based on the traditional emphasis on government，Obtain premium returns from agricultural transformation through the market。For this，We must actively build a multi-market trading system: first，Gradually incorporate agriculture into the carbon trading market，You can try to start the pilot from the breeding industry with a higher degree of standardization；Second，Establishing a regional agricultural carbon emission reduction market，Clarify the sharing of carbon emission reduction responsibilities and emission reduction costs in different provinces，Balancing fairness and efficiency；Third，Develop more forms of transactions，Such as carbon label agricultural products trading、Low carbon agriculture brand trading、Carbon culture integration transaction, etc.。
Researcher at the Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Liu Changquan, Director of the Industrial Economics Research Office。
The future demand of my country’s dairy industry may exceed 80 million tons，Currently domestic production plus imports can supply a total of 60 million tons，How to meet the new consumption demand of 20 million tons in the future is a serious issue。From abroad，Currently EU、Australia、New Zealand’s trade supply tends to decline，Only the United States has some growth potential，There is a certain degree of uncertainty in ensuring the new consumption of the dairy industry through the international market。From a domestic perspective，The development of the dairy industry also faces some problems，First, there are problems with the interest linkage mechanism，Including the structure of dairy farming industry，The relationship between small and medium-sized and corporate ranches, etc.。At present, the ratio of the average sales price of terminal liquid milk and the average purchase Bet365 gamesprice of raw milk in my country is 3-3.About 5 times，Higher than the internationally common 2-2.5 times，Dairy farming industry has a very low distribution position in the entire dairy industry chain and lacks bargaining power。When the market price goes down，Loose supply of raw materials，The unequal relationship will be more prominent，The development of small and medium-sized dairy farms in China requires more policy protection。Second, the gap between the self-sufficiency rate of rations and the self-sufficiency rate of total consumption of varieties has continued to expand since 2015，Indicating that the structural mismatch problem is deepening，In particular, the structural problems of rations and feed grains are more prominent。Under the premise of ensuring the goal of self-sufficiency in food rations，Appropriate adjustment of the structure of rations and feed grains will help reduce the overall dependence of agriculture on foreign countries and improve the overall security level of national food supply。We must comprehensively consider environmental issues in the development of the dairy industry，Find solutions in all aspects of production。In the future, we must further strengthen the construction of the organizational system of the dairy industry，Make more use of industry organizations in the purchase and sale of fresh milk、Breeding technical services、Dairy breed and breed improvement、Functions in epidemic prevention and control。
Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences、Liu Zifei, associate researcher at the National Shellfish Industry System Industrial Economics Research Office。
Building an agricultural power，Fisheries are an integral part。The beginning of reform and opening up，The fishery serves as a testing ground，Outstanding advantages in the entire large-scale agriculture，The contribution rate of science and technology is about 5 percentage points higher than that of large agriculture。Comparison of the income of fishermen and rural residents，As well as expanding the fight against poverty and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization，The effect of fishery on enriching people and increasing income is very obvious；In terms of industrial development stage，The fishery has achieved a transformation from difficult to eat fish to good fish。But we are also facing some problems currently，In particular, offshore fishery resources are still declining as a whole、Tightening environmental constraints on breeding resources、Insufficient industrial integration, etc.，Urgent need for technological and institutional innovation，Accelerate the development of total fishing resources、Policy implementation of breeding capacity and green and high-quality industrial development, etc.。
Power conversion to achieve industrial upgrading
Professor Zhang Zongyi, Institute of Agricultural Equipment Development Strategy, China Agricultural Equipment Industry Research Institute, Jiangsu University。
At present, the level of mechanization in plain areas of our country is high，Low mechanization level in hilly and mountainous areas。Rudongbei、North China、The comprehensive mechanization level of farming and harvesting in Xinjiang and other plain areas is around 90%，However, the northwest Loess Plateau region、The comprehensive mechanization level of planting and harvesting in the southern hilly and mountainous areas is relatively low，Especially in the southwestern hilly and mountainous areas, the mechanization level of farming and harvesting is less than 35%。The level of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas lags behind，Superimposed on rising labor costs and decreasing and aging agricultural labor force，Causing a decline in food production in hilly and mountainous areas。Compared to 20 years ago，Southern traditional rice growing province (region) Sichuan、Guangdong、Guangxi、The absolute value of rice planting area in Zhejiang decreased by 12% respectively.12%、25.65%、23.53% and 60.20%。The land in hilly and mountainous areas is finely divided、Lack Bet365 loginof mechanized farming roads、The land is undulating，It is difficult for agricultural machinery to work in the field。Future agricultural production needs to comprehensively measure the input-output ratio of land leveling investment and mechanical engineering transformation to solve current problems。The development of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas can learn from the experience of developed countries，For example, Japan is also a hilly and mountainous country，The "Land Improvement Law" was enacted in 1949，Has been carrying out large-scale land leveling and reconstruction，Plot reconstruction area from 0.1 hectare per block increased to the current 1 hectare or 2 hectares per block。Land improvement lasting more than 70 years has provided important prerequisites for the development of agricultural mechanization in Japan，Agricultural mechanization was basically realized in the 1980s。From the perspective of the development of agricultural machinery in my country，Take the mini tillage machine as an example，Use a mini tiller to cultivate no more than 5 acres of land per day on finely divided plots，The cultivated land area can exceed 100 acres per day on land that is suitable for mechanization。The operator’s salary is calculated as 300 yuan per day，The labor cost of cultivating one acre of land in hilly and mountainous areas is 60 yuan，The land after transformation for mechanization only costs 3 yuan，The average labor cost per mu is 19 times different。Therefore，We can also learn from experience，Create more favorable conditions for the use of small farm machinery。
Director of the Rural Development Division of the Major Tasks Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences、Chen Yangfen, researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
The upgrading of the agricultural industry needs to focus on two aspects: first, ensuring the stable supply of food and important agricultural products，Solve security issues；The second is to improve agricultural quality, efficiency and competitiveness，Solving development problems。At the current stage，Ensure stable supply of food and important agricultural products，In addition to doing various routine work，It is more necessary to take a big food perspective、Focus on three aspects: technological innovation, policy and financial guarantee，Exploring new potential to ensure stable supply。Improve agricultural quality, efficiency and competitiveness，Focus on the value chain value-added paths and key technologies of each agricultural product at the micro level，Focus on promoting the expansion and cluster development of agricultural industry chains in typical counties at the meso level，Committed to forming rules at the macro level、Standard、New comparative advantages of system-based agriculture，Enhance the competitiveness and influence of agricultural opening up。
Member of the Biotechnology Party Committee of COFCO Corporation、Deputy General Manager Gu Shansong。
About food security issues，We must consider the impact of the growing demand for food raw materials brought about by people's yearning for a better life on the food structure。Upgrading of my country’s food consumption structure，There is a strong substitution relationship between different food varieties。Take corn deep processing as an example，Corn deep processing drives food consumption growth，But mainly the increase in food demand。The consumption of corn by fuel ethanol has been relatively stable in recent years，Even declining，First, because the state strictly controls the fuel ethanol industry，Especially the consumption of fuel ethanol，Without adding new markets，Consumption is difficult to increase；The second is with the development of electric vehicles，Gasoline consumption affected，Affected by the decrease in travel in recent years，Decrease in demand；Third, the consumption of other substitutes such as cassava has increased in recent years，Reduced food consumption。The maximum bet365 online sports betting livefuel ethanol consumption does not exceed 3 million tons，The proportion of grains as raw materials is about 2/3。Part of the increase in corn consumption comes from the increase in sugar consumption，my country’s sugar consumption has been stable at around 15 million tons for many years，But my country’s consumption of sugar is increasing，Consumption growth is mainly met by starch sugar。Currently self-sufficiency in food rations is guaranteed，But if you want to eat better, there are still some shortcomings，On the basis of not relaxing domestic food production，We must unswervingly promote the utilization of two markets and two resources。At the same time, we must have bottom-line thinking，Guaranteeing domestic resources、There is room for adjustment in overseas grain source management。
Deputy Director of the Facility Agriculture and Smart Water Saving Technology Department of the Intelligent Equipment Technology Research Center of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences、Researcher Wei Xiaoming。
Facility agriculture is the iconic industry of a powerful agricultural country，Is an important way to ensure the supply of vegetables，The winter vegetable supply problem in the northern region is mainly solved by facility agriculture。The per capita vegetable possession nationwide exceeds 500 kilograms，Facility agriculture contributed about 190 kilograms。Facility agriculture not only ensures the supply of vegetables，Also contribute to food security。Strengthening the technical and equipment level of facility agriculture，Increase yield，Reduce space occupied，More land can be freed up for the production of food crops。Also，Facility agriculture is also an important way to increase income，Calculated，Through facility agriculture, the per capita income of farmers across the country has basically increased by 1,000 yuan。Currently，Facility agriculture has reached a critical stage of upgrading，The workforce is aging seriously，The mechanization rate of facility planting is currently only about 40%，At the primary stage。Overall，The national facility vegetable production area exceeds 38 million acres，The sown area exceeds 60 million acres，Using nearly 1/5 of the planting area to produce 1/3 of the vegetable output，Created 1/2 of vegetable production value。Take Beijing as an example，Beijing’s vegetable self-sufficiency rate is about 20%，70% of them are grown in greenhouses，Facility agriculture has become the main force in ensuring vegetable supply nationwide。The development of facility agriculture also faces many challenges，First，The overall supply of facility vegetables exceeds demand，But various production costs have more than doubled，Some even reach 10 times as much，Resulting in the decrease in the relative benefits of facility agriculture。Also，Old facilities account for a large proportion，Land policy constraints，There are more and more restrictions on the development of facility agriculture。Solve the above problems，One must carry out planning and layout；Second, we need to raise standards、Photo album；Three essentials to build the model、Demonstration。
Professor of School of Economics and Management, Beijing Agricultural University、Zhao Haiyan, Director of the Department of Agricultural and Forestry Economics and Management。
We must deeply implement training for grassroots farmers。Rural Revitalization，The key is people，Talent revitalization is the foundation of rural revitalization。We must further strengthen the construction of rural talent teams，Especially for large farmers、Family Farm、Training for new agricultural business entities such as farmers’ professional cooperatives。In terms of training content，Except agricultural technology，It should also include business management、Internet Marketing、Smart Agriculture、Scientific quality, etc.。In terms of training methods，In addition to special training courses、Experience exchange meeting、Expert lectures, etc.，We must actively strengthen follow-up guidance and assistance，You can rely on resources such as universities，Establish a corresponding contact system for various experts，Carry out long-term and targeted professional guidance and tracking services for new agricultural business entities and various types of entrepreneurs who have returned to their hometowns。For example, Beijing Agricultural College has established the Beijing Rural Revitalization Research Base and the Rural Cadre Training Institute, etc.，Made useful attempts in this regard，Received good results。Also，We should further strengthen media reporting and publicity to the whole society on good examples of various new agricultural business entities，Let more people be familiar with and know the wonderful stories of the struggle on the front line of agriculture, rural areas and farmers，And demonstrate、Radiate and drive more business entities and entrepreneurs who return home，Making farmers an attractive career。
Associate Professor, School of Economics and Business Administration, Central China Normal University、Master’s tutor Hu Jiliang。
Promote Hubei shrimp-rice co-cropping model according to local conditions。The shrimp-rice co-cropping model ensures food production，It also increased farmers’ income。Farmers can earn 1,500-2,000 yuan per mu from selling shrimp。According to investigation，Increasing income from selling shrimp can reduce farmers’ willingness to abandon farming。In some areas, shrimp and rice co-cropping are used to increase farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain，Promote a 20% increase in farmland production area，13% increase in output。There are two ideas for ensuring food security，One is to hide food in technology；The second is to expand the area。Standard farmland construction conforms to historical process，15.4.6 billion acres of high-standard farmland should be used to grow grain in the future，Other crops go up mountains and rivers to find wider space。
Text editing: Farmers Daily·China Rural Network reporters Guo Yunyun Guan Shixin
https://www.farmer.com.cn/2023/06/19/wap_99931004.html
