"Adzuki beans are a minor crop in our country，There has been insufficient investment in research，There are fewer people engaged in research，Japan’s research on adzuki beans is at the world’s leading level，South Korea invests more in adzuki bean research。Beijing Agricultural College has always supported adzuki bean research，Professor Jin Wenlin, a famous adzuki bean breeder，Is the person who started the Beinong adzuki bean research，A good research foundation has been accumulated over the past thirty years。This time the adzuki bean genome project，Beinong Xiaodou Team、Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences、Shenzhen BGI and International Semi-Arid Crops Research Institute's scientists work closely together，Work together，Making a breakthrough in China's adzuki bean research，Release high-quality adzuki bean genome draft，This is the highest level research paper published on adzuki bean research in the world so far，Opening a new era of adzuki bean research,Provide rich data resources for comparative genomics research，Contributes to the study of leguminous species evolution and domestication、Analysis of the molecular mechanism of metabolic differences in legumes during their long-term evolution。”
Professor Wan Ping of Beijing Agricultural College led his team to carry out adzuki bean genetic breeding work for many years，Joint Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences、BGI and International Semi-Arid Crops Research Institute，After more than two years of research，Be the first to complete the whole genome sequencing of adzuki bean，Drawing a high-quality draft of the adzuki bean genome，Analysis of the molecular mechanism of starch and fat accumulation in adzuki bean grains，The research results were published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNAS on October 12。
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Always，There is controversy in the scientific research community about the origin of adzuki beans，China、South Korea、Japan and other countries have done extensive research to prove that they are the country of origin of adzuki beans，And related research needsCollect wild legume resources from various places, and thenPerform related experiments。“Collecting wild adzuki bean samples is difficult。Our team only has a few people，Wild adzuki beans often grow in the mountains，The transportation there is inconvenient and you can only walk，Uneven terrain，The conditions are very difficult。"Professor Wanping told us，“The weather is hot，Sometimes I can’t even take a shower for several days，We have been extensively collecting Chinese and foreign wild adzuki bean resources since 2009。”Over the years，Beinong Adzuki Bean Research Team has collected rich germplasm resources，This lays a solid foundation for the whole genome sequencing of adzuki bean。
Scientific research is no better than other jobs，Research progress in related fields will be updated soon。“Our research cannot stop，No winter or summer vacation，I am often busy at work until twelve o'clock，Get up early at five o'clock during the summer hybrid season，Go to the experimental base for hybridization。”This is a portrayal of the scientific research work of Beinong Adzuki Bean Research Team。
While others are resting，They are in the laboratory；When others are away on vacation，They may be at the experimental base，Maybe on the way to collect wild adzuki bean resources...
Come now，Zeanzhi——When you are confused，In times of trouble，Hard work is the best choice
bet365 online sports betting mobileProfessor Wan Ping is a master of agriculture at Anhui Agricultural University，Later received a doctorate from Nanjing Agricultural University。Talk about why you applied for the agriculture major in the first place，Professor Wan Ping said，This is just a coincidence，“I loved literature at that time，Read literary classics in my spare time、History and Philosophy，I applied for agriculture not out of interest。”Like many college students，Professor Wan was once confused about his professional studies，But she did not lose her direction，Instead choose to keep your feet on the ground，Learn your major well。“‘It’s coming，Just be safe’，This is the principle I have always adhered to，At that time，I think，I will always be worthy of the degree I received when I graduate，So，I just want to work hard to learn my major well，This is the most important thing。”After graduation，Professor Wanping was assigned to work at the Municipal Seed Station，But she is not satisfied with this eight-to-five job，So I started preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination，After passing the graduate degree，Professor Wan enters the school to work。"After working in school for a period of time，I went to attend an international academic conference on genetic engineering，The researchers attending the meeting were from different countries，Most of them are PhDs，Everyone communicates in English，I suddenly realized my shortcomings，That’s it，Decided to take the PhD exam。”2000，Professor Wan obtained a doctorate from Nanjing Agricultural University，Study under academician Liu Dajun who has a rigorous academic style。With this persistence，With this effort，Professor Wanping began his true scientific research path。
Persistence and hard work are also reflected in the Beinong Xiaodou team members。2006，Wan Ping joined Beinong Adzuki Bean Research Team，Under the leadership of Professor Jin Wenlin, this team has achieved remarkable research results in the field of adzuki bean research since the 1980s。That is, through systematic breeding、Hybrid、Combined atomic energy radiation treatment technology，Bred 4 high-quality summer sown red bean Jingnong series varieties，The protein content exceeds 25%，And has high yield、Premature、Strong resistance to stress，Highly recognized by international red bean experts and high-end markets。More than 85% of the research papers on adzuki beans published nationwide are from this research team。Professor Jin Wenlin is praised by his Japanese colleagues as “the first person to study adzuki beans in China”。Jin Wenlin also constructed a DNA fingerprint of new self-bred varieties，Laid the foundation for protecting the rights of new adzuki bean varieties in my country。2007，Professor Jin Wenlin passed away due to illness，Only 51 years old，This is a fatal blow to the Xiaodou research team。Beinong adzuki bean research also fell into trouble。"Research is still in progress，Insufficient funds。" Professor Wanping recalled，“We have been through very difficult times。”
“Effort is the best choice。”Faced with this dilemma，Xiaodou Research Team’s members did not give up，No stagnation，They chose to persevere，Choose to work hard。Based on the research of Professor Jin Wenlin，The adzuki bean research team has successively collected more than 600 Chinese and foreign cultivated and wild adzuki bean germplasm resources，Continue adzuki bean breeding，Successively bred and approved Jingnong No. 21、Jingnong No. 22、New adzuki bean varieties of Jingnong No. 23 and Jingnong No. 24。Especially the collection of wild adzuki bean germplasm resources in China，The team has made great progress。“We have collected more than 1,600 Chinese and foreign adzuki bean resources，bet365 online sports bettingAt the same time，We also constructed a mutant library，Created 1490 copies of mutants，"Professor Wanping said，"This is gene location cloning、Very important basic materials for functional genomics and gene function research。”
Start adzuki bean genome sequencing
Based on the collection of adzuki bean germplasm resources and creation of mutant library，Wan Ping leads the Beinong adzuki bean research team and joins the Institute of Genetics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Domestic and foreign research institutions such as BGI and International Semi-Arid Crops Research Institute have begun sequencing the entire adzuki bean genome。
Utilizing second-generation sequencing technology，The research team conducted shotgun sequencing of the entire adzuki bean genome，Got 90.88 Gb valid sequence，Assembled Scaffold N50 to 1.29 Mb 466.7Mb genome sequence，Accounts for 86 of the adzuki bean genome (542 Mb).11%。Simplified sequencing using the genome of the F2 population，Constructed a high-resolution SNP genetic map，will be 372.9 Mb sequence riveted to the corresponding chromosome of adzuki bean，Assembled a high-quality adzuki bean genome framework。Genome annotation results display，44.51% of the sequences are repeated sequences，Protein coding gene 34，183。
“This is important basic research，Completion of adzuki bean genome sequencing，Will promote the identification of genes for important agronomic traits of adzuki beans、Cloning and Molecular Breeding，The obtained genome information provides rich data resources for comparative genomics research，Also helpful for research on the relationship between evolution and domestication of leguminous species，Analysis of the molecular mechanism of metabolic differences in legumes during their long-term evolution。" Professor Wanping said。Based on the whole genome sequencing of adzuki bean，The research team also analyzed the differences in starch and fat accumulation in adzuki bean and soybean grains。
“Different from other beans，Adzuki beans have high starch、Features of low grease。" Professor Wanping explained，“The average starch content in adzuki beans is 57.06%，The average fat content is only 0.59%，In comparison，The average starch content of soybeans is 25.3%，The average fat content is 22.5%。”
At the beginning，Researchers speculate whether the number of genes causes this difference between adzuki beans and soybeans，But，Systematic analysis of the composition and copy number of starch and oil anabolic pathway genes in the genomes of adzuki beans and soybeans，It was found that the difference in the number of related genes between the two species is not significant。
Failed to find the cause on this road，Researchers changed their minds，By sequencing the transcriptome of grains at different developmental stages，Analysis of expression levels of genes in adzuki bean and soybean starch and oil anabolic pathways。"Results found，The difference in starch and fat accumulation between adzuki bean and soybean grains is not caused by changes in the number of genes related to starch and oil synthesis，It is caused by the transcriptional expression of these genes。"Professor Wanping said，“This is a relatively new conclusion in the research。”
At the same time，Research also found，Comparison with the genome of known leguminous plants and confirmed by collinearity analysis，Adzuki beans and kidney beans are most closely related，There is good collinearity between the gene arrangement of multiple chromosomes of adzuki bean and the chromosomes of Phaseolus vulgaris。
To 49 servings of wild adzuki beans、Semi-wild adzuki beans、Discovered by resequencing analysis of farm varieties and modern bred varieties，There is a strong selection signal in the process of domestication of adzuki bean from wild species to cultivated species，And it is confirmed at the genome level that the relationship between semi-wild adzuki beans and cultivated adzuki beans is close to that of wild adzuki beans，It bet365 online sports bettingis speculated that semi-wild adzuki beans were the initial farm species in the process of domestication of adzuki beans。
Acquire a place in international competition
In fact，Although adzuki bean is a “small” crop，But the competition in scientific research in the same field is fierce。
While the Chinese adzuki bean research team was busy sequencing the entire adzuki bean gene，Internationally renowned legume scientist、The team led by Suk-Ha Lee, a professor at Seoul National University in South Korea, also conducted research on the adzuki bean genome。
A silent competition begins。“Their research strength is very strong。”Wan Ping said，When I learned that the Korean team was also doing the same work，The whole team is under great pressure，“What we can do is ensure quality and continue to accelerate progress。”
In the process，Institute of Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences、The scientific research team of BGI played an important role。“The whole team works together、Close cooperation。” The team finally submitted the paper to PNAS，After half a year of waiting，Supplementary experimental materials、On the basis of supplementary experiments and other work，The research team revised the paper twice，The paper was published on October 12, 2015。
Currently，Adzuki beans are grown in more than 30 countries around the world，Because of its short reproductive period，Wide adaptability，resistant to barrenness，Rich in B vitamins、Iron、Calcium and other substances and terpenes、Isoflavones、Saponins and other biologically active substances，Has the ability to dispel heat、Detoxification、Medicinal effects such as reducing swelling，Has the ability to lower blood sugar、Lower blood lipids、Weight loss and anti-tumor effects。Improving dietary structure、Adjust the planting structure and farming system、Resource-saving agriculture、Nitrogen fixation and environmental protection、It plays an important role in developing agriculture for export and earning foreign exchange。
The completion of whole-genome sequencing of adzuki bean provides rich data resources for comparative genomics，Identification of adzuki bean gene、Cloning and molecular breeding laid an important foundation。
“Currently, 34183 protein coding genes have been measured，There are more than 20,000 functional genes，There are more than 6800 genes whose functions are still unknown，Next step we will continue to carry out gene cloning、Research on functional genomics and molecular breeding，Cultivation of new adzuki bean varieties，Serving agricultural production。" Professor Wanping said。
Joined in scientific research，Teaching and educating people - scientific research requires the joint efforts of several generations
In the laboratory，Professor Wanping is a scientist，In class，She is also a teacher。Due to research，Sometimes scientific research work conflicts with teaching，But，She loves this podium，I hope to pass my teaching work，Most of them train professional talents in related fields for the country。“Some knowledge is boring，Some students may not listen，As a teacher，Try to make the class as lively and interesting as possible，Communicate and interact more with students，And pay attention to cultivating their self-learning ability and practical ability。" Professor Wan said。
“Scientific research can never be just a matter of one generation，It requires accumulation and quiet dedication。”Talking about modern college students，Professor Wan Ping said, “Nowadays, most college students are only children，Strong personality，Need to strengthen communication skills and teamwork spirit。”I hope they can study with peace of mind while at school，Be less impetuous，Develop good self-learning ability，Work hard，Persistence，Update knowledge with the times，This is how to keep up with the development bet365 online sports bettingof the times，Only those who can take on big responsibilities in the future。
Wanping，Master of Anhui Agricultural University、Received PhD from Nanjing Agricultural University，Currently a professor at Beijing Agricultural College，Master’s Tutor，Main research direction: plant molecular genetics and breeding。Long-term engaged in research work on plant genetics, breeding and molecular genetics，In plant breeding、Gene mapping、Gene cloning and functional analysis、Accumulated rich experience in genomics research。Participated in many national “863” events、“973” major research project，Presided over and completed 10 scientific research projects，2 projects under research。Already at PNAS （Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，USA）、Plant Molecular Biology、Plant Disease、Euphytic、Acta Botanica Sinica、Acta Genetics、Chinese Agricultural Sciences、Acta Crop Science、Legume Genomics and Genetics、African Journal of BiotechnologyPublished more than 40 papers in core journals at home and abroad。Presided over the breeding of 4 new varieties of adzuki beans。
Remarks: The content of this article comes from interviews and writings by college student journalists and "China Science News"，Later edited。
