The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to firmly safeguard the country’s “ideological security”，Enhancing ideological risk prevention capabilities。If ideological risks are not handled well，Or systemic risks may occur、Make subversive mistakes，It will delay or even interrupt the process of comprehensively building a modern socialist country。Pay attention to ideological risks from a political and strategic level，Is a necessary prerequisite for risk response。Present，We are facing "two overall situations"，There has been a surge of risks in political, economic, cultural and other aspects，Where ideological risks occur alone，Overlapping with various risks，"Cut continuously" appears、The complex situation of "reasoning yet chaos"。Only by clearly grasping ideological risks、Solidly promote the construction of ideological risk prevention and control system，Only in this way can we push our country’s ideological construction to a new level，To lead and serve in comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization。
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What is ideology？From a Marxist perspective，Ideology can essentially be understood as ruling ideas，That is, the dominant systematic and theoretical class consciousness。Marx pointed out: "If we look at it from a conceptual perspective，Then the disintegration of a certain form of consciousness is enough to bring about the destruction of an entire era。” (Volume 8 of "The Collected Works of Marx and Engels"，People's Publishing House 2009 Edition，Page 170) "Ideological risk" refers to the self-destruction of ideology due to its inability to solve major problems in social practice、Problems such as fading and powerlessness，Or the ideological rule may be threatened due to the impact of diverse and erroneous ideological trends，Performed by confusion in the ideological field、Moral Absence、Abnormal phenomena such as value reversal and ideal absence。For ideological risks，It can be understood as all spiritual and cultural risks related to ruling ideas，Risks can come from the ideology itself (rigid conservatism and lack of innovation) or external shocks (diversified ideological trends)，At the same time this risk can be potential、Partial、Quantitatively variable，Can also be explicit、Overall、Qualitative。
In a sense，Ideological security and ideological risk are two aspects of the same problem，Only if risks are prevented，In order to obtain ideological security，Only with ideological security，The risk will not continue to spread。Risk and safety are relative、Changing。Generally speaking，There is no absolute risk，There is no absolute security，There is safety in risk，Safety is risky，The two are interdependent、Interpenetration。Visible，Just as ideology is different from politics、Economy、Culture、Same morals，Ideological risks are also different from political risks、Economic Risk、Cultural Risk、Moral Hazard。Although they are different，But there is also a connection。Ideology is the soul and spiritual support of the latter three。An ideological risk has occurred，There must be some degree of political risk，Political risks must also contain some degree of ideological risks。They influence each other，Interpenetration。Ideology as the thought of the ruling class，Related to the foundation of building a party and a country，About social integration and ideological unity，Governance and prevention of ideological risks，Is of important strategic significance。
Qiyan，The essence of ideological risk is the risk of ideological rule，Especially facing the challenges of social practice，Ideology’s inability to answer and adapt to practical requirements causes itself to “float”、The state of inner tension and powerlessness。Although ideological risks are also related to the impact of diversified wrong thoughts，But the fundamental point of risk is not external influence。External factors are just conditions，Internal factors are fundamental。Introduction，Ideology as theory、Values，The relationship with practice is dialectical，Ideology is aimed at “changing the world”，Not a pure ideological system that explains the world，Therefore cannot be alienated from practice，Always demonstrate one’s own value and explanatory vitality by solving the themes of the times and social contradictions。However，The fit between theory and practice is always relative，There is no absolute fit，That is, sometimes theory is higher than practice，Sometimes theory lags behind practice。Especially the latter，Likely to lead to inherent ideological tensions。Tensions are an important opportunity for ideological development，It is the internal mechanism that promotes ideological innovation and even achieves ideological leap。Without a doubt，Scientific ideology leaves behind the ideological “mode of production” of “intrinsic tension”，Unable to fully demonstrate its bet365 online sports bettingstrong vitality and vitality。As Marx wrote: “Philosophical systems are inspired by the fulfillment of their own aspirations，It has entered into tense relations with other parties。Its inner self-satisfaction and closed-doorism have been broken。That which is the inner light，It becomes a devouring flame that turns outward。The result is that the philosophization of the world is also the worldization of philosophy，The realization of philosophy is also its loss，What philosophy objects to externally is its own internal flaws，It is in the struggle that it falls into the very error it opposes，And only when it falls into these errors，It eliminates these errors。” (Volume 40 of "The Complete Works of Marx and Engels"，People's Publishing House 1982 edition，Page 258) Actually，“Inherent tension” for contemporary Chinese mainstream ideology，Need to listen to the calls and requirements of practice、Reflect on one’s own shortcomings in the process of resolving conflicts，Based on this，Advance with the times。Continuously change "inner tension" into "inner tension"，Only in order to achieve the ideal state of ideological innovation and development。At the same time，The long-term existence of inner tension also causes the ideological existence to be dismembered、Rejected、Opportunity being squeezed，If you don’t pay attention to the “internal tension” of ideology itself，The outbreak of ideological risks is a logical necessity。In this sense，Ideological Risk，In the final analysis, it is not mainly external risks，It is an endogenous risk caused by important deviations between the reality adjustment of ideology itself and the changes of the times。Qiyan，Ideological risk is the disconnect and rupture between theory and practice，That is, "the result of the separation of theory and practice，It turns practice into an unprincipled empiricism，Turn theory into a pure one、Fixed knowledge” (Sartre: “Critique of Dialectical Reason” (Part 1)，Translated by Xu Maoyong，Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House 1998 Edition，Page 22)。So，We must ensure that mainstream ideology continues to innovate，Cracking ideological risks and ideological penetration，And lead the development of practice。Based on this，Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Major changes in mainstream ideology in order to cope with the risks of economic and social development，The Party Central Committee coordinates and promotes the "five-in-one" overall layout，Coordinate and promote the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout，Adhere to the new development concept，Injects strong spiritual power and value guarantee into the development of our country，Successfully resolved major risks in mainstream ideology。This is an important experience in ideological prevention and control in contemporary China，It is worthy of our further inheritance and promotion now and even in the future。
2. Basic principles of ideological risk prevention in the new era
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Prevent risks，Strive to enhance risk prevention and control awareness and capabilities。Next 5 years，This may be a period when risks in all aspects facing our country’s development continue to accumulate or even become concentrated。Significant risks we face，Including domestic economy、Politics、Ideology、Social risks and risks from nature，Also includes international economy、Politics、Military risks, etc.。If a major risk occurs and you cannot bear it，National security may face major threats，The process of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way may be interrupted。We must put risk prevention in a prominent position，‘The picture is not cute，Think about it before it happens’，Strive not to have major risks or to withstand major risks when they occur、Decent。” (Volume 2 of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China"，Foreign Languages Publishing House 2017 Edition，Page 81) In view of the complex mechanism of ideological risk，Prevention and avoidance of current ideological risks require the right medicine、System advancement，Cannot "play alone"。The basic principles for avoiding ideological risks in our country include the following aspects。
One，The fundamental system that upholds the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field。Pay attention to ideological risks from a strategic perspective，Take this as the top priority of the party and the country。Long time，There is one-sided emphasis on economic work、Contempt on ideological work。Therefore，Need to return ideological work to its due status，Attach great importance to the existence of ideological risks，Prevent the budding risks、Occurrence or even expansion、Spread。Adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field，Must be done in a developmental manner，Requires four studies simultaneously，In particular, we should focus on predictive or imaginative research to promote ideological innovation，Serving the country’s medium and long-term development，Won’t fall into strategic passivity。First, textual research。Mainly study classic texts，Including Marxist classic writers、The theoreticians of the Second International and the thoughts of the main leaders of contemporary China。This kind of research has achieved great success，Compared to before the reform and opening up，Excavations from various perspectives and levels have reached a new historical height。Need more in-depth study of classic texts in the future，Further learning, understanding and practice，Capture the essence、Essentials，Learn and comprehend。The second is practical research。Mainly studies the development issues of contemporary China，Especially the major practical issues in the process of Chinese-style modernization。This research is mainly to solve the outstanding problems facing the current national development，Countermeasures、Strong practical characteristics，forward-looking、Speculative、Foresight is relatively weak。The third is absorption research。Mainly absorb all ideological resources from ancient and modern China and foreign countries besides Marxist classic texts (including Western Marxist thought, etc.)，Research in this area has made great progress，But in the era of knowledge explosion，There is still a big gap with people’s expectations。The fourth is predictive research。Based on the symptoms of the times，To transcend the times、Imagination、Future Research。Currently there is a methodological construction、Interdisciplinary integration of institutional construction、Several major difficulties such as talent support，It needs to be promoted as a national strategy。Promote ideological development with four solid studies，Is an important guarantee to defend the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field。
Part 2，Use institutional confidence to ensure and lead the continuous progress of economic and social development。Ideology is the soul of the system，Modern ideology has a priority and core position in the construction of national systems，Institutional construction is the "hard" guarantee to consolidate the guiding position of Marxism。Therefore，On the one hand，Need to continuously enrich and develop the mainstream ideology of contemporary China，At the same time, vigorously promote the stereotyped practice of national system construction。In other words，We must adhere to the benign interaction between ideological institutionalization and institutional ideologicalization。Prevent and avoid ideological risks，The system, especially the rule of law, should be strengthened，Put ideological construction under the constraints of the system，Guide and constrain social behavior with mainstream ideologies and core values，Limit ideological risks through the power of rigid systems，Eradicate the institutional conditions for the emergence of ideological risks。It is true，The construction and improvement of scientific institutions also require ideology、Guidance and intervention of ethics and core values，Only by organically combining the institutionalization of ideology and the ideologicalization of the system、positive interaction，At the same time, we will continue to solve major problems in economic and social development，In order to minimize ideological risks。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Planning to comprehensively deepen reforms in the new era，We must uphold and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics、Promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities as the main axis，A deep understanding of my country’s development requirements and the trend of the times，Place system construction and governance capacity building in a more prominent position，Continue to deepen the reform of systems and mechanisms in all fields and aspects，Promote all aspects of the system to become more mature and final，Promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities。” (Xi Jinping: “Explanation on the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Improving the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics and Promoting the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity”，People’s Daily November 6, 2019) Therefore，Currently and in the future，Need to strengthen the value-leading role of Marxism，Show confidence in the system，Standing at the strategic height of national system construction，Unswervingly defend the "unified" guiding position of Marxism as the mainstream ideology，To ensure and lead the continuous progress of economic and social development，Unambiguous at all times、Unwavering。
Part 3，Strengthen the communication power of mainstream ideology，Seeking the internal and external voice of ideology in the process of leading diversified ideological trends。The pursuit of ideological discourse power is not only related to the legitimacy of the regime，Also related to the country’s political and economic strength、International status and other factors are closely related。Our country’s pursuit of ideological discourse power cannot just be obtained through “‘world-shaking’ words”，Appropriate expression、Novel words and effective preaching are even more necessary，This is also a direction that requires further efforts in the future。Moreover，"The innovative function is one of the most important ideological functions of Marxism" (Zhang Yunyi: "The Modern Transformation of China's Mainstream Culture" Volume 2，Huangshan Book Club 2010 Edition，Page 394)。Marxism is scientific、Practical and open，It is not closed and rigid，But continue to keep pace with the times、Continuously innovative。Under the background of today’s globalization，Marxism must not be regarded as a dogma that is memorized and repeated mechanically，It can only become a system of truth that continues to develop and keep pace with the times。As Mao Zedong pointed out: "Marx、Engels、Lenin、Stalin once said repeatedly，Our doctrine is not a dogma but a guide to action。These people have forgotten this most important and important sentence。” (Volume 3 of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong"，People's Publishing House 1991 Edition，Page 820) Therefore，Faced with the squeeze on mainstream ideological discourse space，We must maintain both independence and independence，Dealing with the relationship between innovation and criticism。First of all, we must show our critical edge on the basis of independent thought，“Zero tolerance” for all kinds of wrong thoughts，Dare to show your sword，Dare to fight、Critical Deconstruction。Meanwhile，Ideology guides practice、Take root，Inseparable from education and publicity，Only through multi-dimensional educational propaganda，In order to reduce ideological risks。Therefore，Conventional means such as education and publicity should be used，We must popularize mainstream ideology just like we popularize laws。In terms of seeking international voice，In accordance with what General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must do a good job in external publicity work，Innovative external publicity methods，Strive to create new concepts, new categories, and new expressions that integrate China and foreign countries，Tell Chinese stories well，Spread the voice of China well” (“Xi Jinping: The Governance of China”，Foreign Languages Publishing House 2014 Edition，Page 156) requirements，Fully demonstrate the ideological confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics，Don’t forget your ancestors，Don’t underestimate yourself，Striving for it、Continuous improvement，Don’t be fooled by the trap of capitalist ideological discourse，And strive to make a unique Chinese voice，Seeking international voice commensurate with comprehensive national strength。
3. Main ways to prevent ideological risks in the new era
Specifically，Ideological risk prevention is a systematic project，“It should be noted that，Various risks often do not occur in isolation，It is likely that they are intertwined with each other and form a risk complex” (Volume 2 of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China"，Foreign Languages Publishing House 2017 Edition，Page 82)。Risks in various fields are interrelated、Interaction，If not handled properly, it may become a flash point，And triggered a series of crises，This is what General Secretary Xi Jinping once proposed to “effectively prevent chain linkages of various risks”。Coping with ideological risks，In addition to practicing internal strength，It is also necessary to strengthen prevention mechanisms and measures。In short，These mechanisms and measures mainly include the following four aspects。
One，The main body of risk prevention and control should establish a sense of responsibility and responsibility。"The Tao is not empty，Must rely on others。”The key factor in risk prevention and control is people，That is, the awareness and quality of the management subject。If you are concerned about the various ideological risks that may occur，Party committees and governments at all levels have a strong sense of responsibility and consciousness，Then risk response is half the battle。On the one hand，Whether it is a "black swan" or not，"Gray Rhino"，These are risks or dangers that cannot be ignored，Should be included in the scope of planning and response；On the other hand，Divide labor into people，Everyone performs his own duties，It will never be allowed to "skim the ball" in dealing with risks，“Prevent and control risks within the scope of your responsibilities，We cannot pass all the responsibility for risk prevention to higher authorities，We cannot leave all the responsibility for risk prevention to the future，Let alone irresponsibly create risks at work” (Volume 2 of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China"，Foreign Languages Publishing House 2017 Edition，Page 82)。
Part 2，Strengthen the investigation and judgment of various risk sources，Improve dynamic monitoring、Real-time warning capability。Accurately determine the status of ideological security risks，Can learn from the "social combustion theory" in social physics。The "Social Combustion Theory" believes that risk triggers require the simultaneous presence of three factors: "combustion substances", "combustion accelerants" and "fuses"。(Sun Xue: "Social combustion theory and optimization path analysis of urban safety"，"Leadership Science" Issue 11, 2018) Study and grasp the rules of occurrence of public opinion risks，From a Marxist perspective，The world is composed of multiple elements interacting with each other、Together constitute a living organism。Things are not dead things，It’s about changes and development，Not disorganized，But there are rules to follow，And the rules can be understood and utilized by people。The same is true for the occurrence of ideological risks。The development of ideological public opinion often goes through an induction period、Development period、Outbreak period、Heyday、Recession period and other stages。Also，Different types of ideological risks，Different roots，Some of them happen in the ideological field，Some are from the economy、Society、The spread or upgrade in ecological and other fields，To this，We need to go through sufficient research and judgment，Use new media technology，Better play the role of public opinion guidance，Release official information to the public in a timely manner，Block the spread space of ideological and public opinion risks and the possibility of further fermentation。Anyway，Aiming at ideological risks and public opinion，First of all, we must understand the basic laws of the development of ideological and public opinion，Follow the appropriate rhythm of the development of public opinion，Start the positive drumbeat of public opinion guidance and risk mitigation，Think in advance about what kind of ideological public opinion or events may arise，Be prepared for a rainy day，Nip problems in the bud。
Part 3，Promote scientific ideological risk prevention and control、Refined，Be aware of all possible ideological risks and their causes、Prescribe the right medicine to the case、Comprehensive policies。“We must see both achievements and opportunities，We must also see the shortcomings and deficiencies、Difficulties and Challenges，Seeing the risks brought to us by the development and changes of the situation，Look at the worst，Make the best preparations，Work hard in a good direction，Strive for the best results” (Volume 2 of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China"，Foreign Languages Publishing House 2017 Edition，Page 60)。Modernization is inseparable from digitalization、Scientific、Refined，Ideological risk prevention and control is a highly sensitive issue、Jobs with high management and technological content，There is a huge space for expansion。Governance or response，Should gradually start from digital governance、Data Governance，Towards intelligent governance and smart governance。
Fourth，The focus is on “prevention” and “control”，Keep time and efficiency in mind。Timely and powerful action，Strive to resolve ideological risks at the source，Don’t let small risks turn into big risks，Prevent individual risks from evolving into comprehensive risks，Prevent local risks from evolving into regional or systemic risks，Don’t let weak ideological risks evolve into strong ideological risks and social and political risks，Don’t let international risks evolve into domestic risks。Palm "time"。hour，Timing、Current situation。Risk prevention and control is an invisible war，To win this ideological battle，We must take the initiative、Win the opportunity、Pre-emptive strike，We need to assess the situation、Flexible，Firmly grasp the initiative in the struggle for public opinion。Control "degree"。Everything has its moderation，Too much is not enough。This requires that risk prevention and control work must also grasp the "degree"、Know the "measurement"、Control the "heat"。This work is the ideological work of being a human being，Controlled the "degree"，Only in order to gain public opinion、Win the hearts and minds of the people。Looking for "effect"。The so-called "effectiveness"，refers to the effect、Effectiveness。Coping with ideological risks is an important task of the Party，It is governance、A major event to stabilize the country，Must be able to withstand the test of history and the people。Only by doing the above three points，Only through ideological risk prevention and control can we effectively coordinate value、Orientation and Strategy，Solve the goal、Power and path issues，Promote the party’s ideological work to continuously open up new prospects、Achieve new development。
