How to effectively expand domestic demand is a topic of recent concern。Looking from the external environment,Bear the brunt of the impact of the international financial crisis。Judging from the current situation in the United States,The real estate situation is still deteriorating. The crisis is still developing in depth,Already25bank failure,Many banks are still facing the pressure of bankruptcy,Consumption credit bad debt creation28Year High;Some key industries(such as automobile industry)The development of small businesses has been seriously frustrated,The unemployment rate continues to rise,Private consumption continues to decline sharply,The federal budget deficit has soared. no doubt,The United States is facing an unprecedented economic crisis。Many countries and regions in the world have very close economic ties with the United States,Therefore, the entire world economy is currently facing a very severe situation。Considering the impact of time lag,This severe situation is likely to continue for a period of time。In this environment,The basic direction of our country’s response strategy is very clear,That is, take all possible measures,Actively expand domestic demand,Strive to maintain stable and rapid economic development,Strive to be the first to get out of the economic bottom,Contribute to promoting world economic recovery.
Then,How to expand domestic demand and strive to achieve good results?Although the academic community has basically reached a consensus in this regard,But there are also some differences and different opinions. I personally think,No matter what different views there are on this issue,At least there is a basic understanding that should be unified,That is to focus on one of the key points of my country’s current round of expanding domestic demand“Three Rural Areas”Come up. Focus“Three Rural Areas”,Expand domestic demand,Not only economically significant,It also has very important political significance. Economically,AND“Three Rural Areas”All related aspects have great investment potential;Politically,Investment“Three Rural Areas”Conducive to resolving many social conflicts、Maintain social stability and promote social harmony,This is bet365 online sports betting liveof great significance that cannot be ignored for our country in the transition period。
“Three Rural Areas”The focus of investment mainly includes three aspects:First, further improve agricultural production conditions。Includes enhanced irrigation、Construction of agricultural infrastructure such as water conservancy;Strengthen land improvement,Renovation of medium and low yield fields;Also improve agricultural mechanization、Agricultural informatization、Modern agricultural production factors and agricultural public services, etc.,In order to ensure high and stable production of major agricultural products, especially to provide basic guarantee for ensuring national food security。The second is to improve rural living conditions。The current focus mainly includes further strengthening the construction of safe drinking water projects in rural areas;Accelerate rural road construction;Increase the coverage of grid power supply to the rural population and increase the number of farmers using clean biogas,Gradual changes“The city looks like Europe,The countryside looks like Africa”’s current situation,Narrowing the living gap between urban and rural residents。The third is to improve farmers’ living and development conditions,Improving the level of rural human capital and social capital,Improve farmers’ quality of life。This aspect mainly includes increasing compulsory education in rural areas and vocational training for farmers、Investment in rural medical care and social security,Further improve and improve rural governance, etc.
By strengthening“Three Rural Areas”Work to stimulate and expand domestic demand,The key is to grasp two important links:First, create more employment opportunities for farmers in rural areas through a series of production and living facilities projects,Increase the income level of farmers,Provide conditions and motivation to stimulate new consumption of farmers,This will help directly increase overall investment demand and private consumption demand;The second is through a series in rural areas“People’s Livelihood Project”Project Construction,On the one hand, it can increase the government’s direct investment demand,On the other hand, it helps to alleviate farmers’ difficulties in education、Expenditures on health care and social insurance,Helps to gradually improve farmers' ability to convert part of their savings into private investment or private consumption,Play the role of expanding domestic demand. Long term view,This will also help improve the quality of farmers,Improving the human capital and social capital situation in rural areas,Lay the foundation for long-term sustainable development of rural areas.
For the former,Everyone generally has a positive attitude,There may be different views on the latter。I think both aspects are important though,But judging from the current situation,Accelerating the development of rural social undertakings is more profound than simply increasing infrastructure construction in rural areas、Long-term significance。Because it directly affects the improvement of the overall quality of the population in our country、The development prospects of a series of important aspects including the continued healthy advancement of industrialization and urbanization,It also directly affects core issues such as my country’s international competitiveness and long-term sustainable development capabilities in the era of globalization,Therefore,We should make full use of the current world economic downturn,Under the circumstances that our country’s fiscal revenue still has relatively large room for maneuver,Accelerate the serious deficiencies in the development of rural social undertakings“Short board”,Create favorable conditions for welcoming a new round of rapid economic development.
We must truly make one of the key points of expanding our country’s domestic demand“Three Rural Areas”At work,First of all, we need to comprehensively learn from the experiences and lessons of economic development in various countries around the world,Integrate the development strategy of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization,Always remember the fundamental role of agriculture as the overall development of our country’s national economy;With the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization,Accordingly, put agricultural development in a more prominent and important position;While attaching importance to wealth creation,Special attention should be paid to the fair distribution of wealth,Enable public products to cover more rural populations.
Secondly,We should speed up the elimination of various institutional and institutional obstacles in the process of urban-rural integrated development。By establishing and improving a unified urban and rural labor force、Fund and other factor markets, supplemented by government support,Let the construction of various physical infrastructure and social public services extend more smoothly from cities and towns to rural bet365 online sports betting mobileareas。Special attention should be paid to the further reform and improvement of the household registration system,And formulate and gradually implement a unified urban and rural integrated development plan。
AGAIN,Measures should be taken from the policy level to guide farmers to develop agricultural production and engage in various non-agricultural business activities,Especially encourage and support the knowledgeable、Educated、New farmers who know how to operate are engaged in entrepreneurial activities,Doing everything possible to help farmers solve their employment problems,Increase income。One of the important aspects is to further reform the rural financial system,Support small and medium-sized banks、Village Bank、Small loan company and rural capital mutual aid cooperative,Let them take the lead in rapid development in rural areas of our country, especially in the central and western rural areas,Provide effective financial service support to expand rural domestic demand.
And,International experience shows,In the age of globalization and informationization,Accelerating informatization is to eliminate the gap between urban and rural areas、One of the important ways of disparities between regions and even countries。Therefore, we can appropriately increase investment in information infrastructure construction in rural areas based on this round of policy considerations to stimulate domestic demand,Significantly improve the informatization level of rural areas in my country,Realize the full utilization and sharing of information between urban and rural areas in my country as soon as possible。
Finally,Special attention should be paid to strengthening the training and education of the rural population,Reserve human capital for a new round of rapid economic growth。Consider mobilizing some knowledgeable people through government subsidies、Able、Unemployed or laid-off in urban areas with training or education experience(Waiting for work)Professional and technical personnel or recent college graduates who are temporarily unable to find jobs in cities and towns go to rural primary and secondary schools to engage in basic education work or work for farmers、Provide vocational education and training for returning migrant workers,Provide technical support for their future employment or entrepreneurship.
(Author Hu Biliang，Unit: Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
