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◆Migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses will help solve the “three rural” issues,Conducive to promoting the sustainable development of industrialization,Conducive to promoting the healthy development of urbanization
◆Migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses will help resolve some related social problems,Reduce some adverse effects caused by large-scale migration of labor force
The biggest impact of the global financial crisis on our country’s economy is employment pressure。current,Facing the impact of crisis,The government should make expanding employment the first goal,profitUse the "reverse force mechanism" formed by employment pressure to guide the new wave of entrepreneurship,Promote employment through entrepreneurship。Improving the entrepreneurial capabilities of migrant workers through entrepreneurial training,Enhance their entrepreneurial awareness,Guarantee the supply of entrepreneurial capital for migrant workers through effective monetary and fiscal policies,Reduce the threshold and cost of entrepreneurship,Create various entrepreneurial parks for returning migrant workers,Improving the organizational level of migrant workers’ entrepreneurship,Enable more migrant workers to become entrepreneurs,Let migrant workers return to their hometowns to start businesses and find jobs and local urbanization to ignite rural domestic demand。
The impact of the global financial crisis on our country is not only reflected in the real economy,And it has affected people’s livelihood,The most prominent manifestation is the deterioration of the employment situation。Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood,The impact of the crisis on people's livelihood is highlighted by the unemployment problem caused by some enterprises' operating difficulties or even bankruptcy。current,The coastal and eastern areas of my country are the areas most affected by the financial crisis,From a distribution perspective,Migrant workers are also mostly concentrated in these areas。In this case,The operating difficulties of export-oriented enterprises directly affect the employment of migrant workers。According to official statistics,At the end of last year, my country’s urban registered unemployment rate was 4.2%。So,Under this new round of employment pressure,2009 will be the most difficult year for China’s economy and the greatest employment pressure。
Facing the crisis,The government should use entrepreneurship to drive employment,Actively guide the fourth wave of entrepreneurship,Let more workers become entrepreneurs。Since the reform and opening up,There have been three major waves of entrepreneurship in our country: the first is "grassroots entrepreneurship" characterized by the establishment of township and village enterprises by urban marginalized groups and farmers,Educated urban youth returned to the city 30 years ago,bet365 online casinoFacing the employment pressure at that time,The government relaxes policies to allow the development of the non-public economy,A large number of people set off the first wave of entrepreneurship through self-employment,Entrepreneurial employment became a major initiative to alleviate employment pressure at that time。Statistics display,From 1979 to 1984,More than 45 million people have been placed in employment across the country,Urban unemployment rate from 5.9% quickly dropped to 1.9%。The second time is elite entrepreneurship characterized by elite groups within the system (researchers in scientific research departments and administrative elites in government departments) going overseas to start businesses。Reportedly,After Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Speech in 1992,One hundred thousand people “went to sea” to do business。The third time is the "returnee" entrepreneurship after joining the WTO and accompanied by the development of the new economy, which is characterized by a large number of overseas students returning to start their own businesses。current,The fourth wave of entrepreneurship is taking shape,That is, the entrepreneurship of migrant workers and the entrepreneurship of college students "forced" by the global financial crisis and employment pressure。The employment pressure caused by the financial crisis has led many people to choose to start their own businesses。For example,From September 2008 to present,Nearly 200,000 new stores are opened on Taobao every month,5,000 people open stores on Taobao every day,The Internet entrepreneurship boom is coming。
Entrepreneurship has a multiplier effect in expanding employment,One person starting a business can create employment for many people。Investigation shows,Each entrepreneur creates 3 jobs on average.8 people,Attracting one person to return home to start a business,The effect of driving a group of people to find jobs and become rich。Estimated,At present, 8 million migrant workers have returned to their hometowns to start businesses,And has created employment for 30 million people。Therefore,How to use the “forced force” mechanism to guide a new wave of entrepreneurship,Promoting employment through entrepreneurship is a very urgent and important issue。
Current,It is necessary for migrant workers to start their own businesses,There is another possibility,This kind of entrepreneurship and the urbanization and industrialization it promotes can detonate my country’s largest domestic demand。Encouraging migrant workers to start their own businesses can currently alleviate employment pressure;In the long run,The entrepreneurship of migrant workers is conducive to solving the "three rural" problems,Conducive to sustainable development of industrialization,It is also conducive to the healthy development of urbanization。
The current significance of migrant workers’ entrepreneurship is: first, it is conducive to improving farmers’ income and rural consumption levels,Further expand domestic demand。The key to expanding domestic demand is to activate the rural consumer market,The key to an active rural consumer market is to increase farmers’ income。Migrant workers can become rich if they return to their hometown and start bet365 online sports betting livea business,Thus stimulating domestic demand。Second, it is conducive to the development of rural urbanization。my country’s urbanization is essentially a kind of semi-urbanization,The migrant workers who have moved to the city are not actually citizens。Promoting migrant workers’ entrepreneurship is conducive to the reasonable flow and citizenization of migrant workers。One way to urbanize migrant workers is to build the return flow of capable people、The system and mechanism of factor aggregation,In more than 2,800 county-level cities and districts, rely on county towns to build a number of cities with 100,000 to 300,000 people,Let migrant workers become citizens in the county where they have their household registration。For this,The county can be built into the leader of the county economy and the economic center of rural urbanization。Nearly half of the businesses founded by migrant workers returning to their hometowns are in small towns and counties,This can drive capital、Labour and other economic factors gather in counties,Effectively promote the development of rural urbanization centered on county towns,Detonating large-scale expansion of rural domestic demand。The third is to help reduce the heavy costs caused by large-scale relocation。The return of migrant workers to their hometowns to start businesses is also conducive to resolving some social problems caused by migrant workers migrating to cities for many years,Reduce the adverse effects of large-scale inter-regional movement。Fourth, it is conducive to the construction of rural water conservancy and other infrastructure and the construction of the entire new countryside。The current drought has once again exposed the weakness of our country’s farmland water conservancy infrastructure。Can be done through work-for-relief,Actively encourage migrant workers to participate in rural water conservancy and other infrastructure construction。The return of migrant workers will also inject new strength into the construction of new rural areas。Encouraging migrant workers to start their own businesses is not only necessary,And it’s possible。Population migration itself is a great economic school。If ordinary farmers become migrant workers, this is their first leap,Then it is the second leap for farmers to transform from workers to entrepreneurs。Going out to work is an incubator for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses。Part-time job is a melting pot for training people and a big school for cultivating people。After working practice,Many migrant workers have accepted the influence of entrepreneurial concepts in the city,Improving my will,Have certain skills,Accumulated a certain amount of funds,Familiar with market rules,With entrepreneurial passion and certain entrepreneurial ability。
Encouraging returning migrant workers to start businesses requires the government to make employment expansion the first goal。Facing severe employment pressure,The government must work hard to expand employment,Promote employment through entrepreneurship。The following six measures can be considered at present:
——Provide free entrepreneurship bet365 online sports betting apptraining,Improving the entrepreneurial ability of migrant workers,Enhance entrepreneurial awareness。The government should increase investment in the training of migrant workers,Include training funds in the government budget。Strengthening skills training for migrant workers,Strengthen entrepreneurial coaching and guidance,Invite entrepreneurial stars、Entrepreneur、Experts and scholars teach entrepreneurial experience and skills to returning entrepreneurs、Modern business management concepts and government preferential policies to support returning home entrepreneurs,Resolve the difficulties and problems they encountered in the process of starting a business。
——Innovative financial services,Provide entrepreneurial capital for migrant workers to start their own businesses。It is necessary to establish a "Guarantee Fund for Migrant Workers to Return to Their Hometowns to Start Businesses",Provide convenience for migrant workers to obtain loans when they return to their hometowns to start businesses。Relax the scope of collateral for entrepreneurial financing,Consider trial implementation of farmer contracted land mortgage。Establish a special support fund for migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses,Provide financing subsidies for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses。
——Strengthening entrepreneurial services,Lower the threshold for entrepreneurship as much as possible。Simplified procedures,Open a green channel for migrant workers to start their own businesses in a timely manner;Building an entrepreneurial platform,Provide consulting and information services for migrant workers to start their own businesses。Establish and improve policy support、Entrepreneurship Services、The working mechanism of the trinity of entrepreneurship training,Relaxing market access for entrepreneurship,Enable more migrant workers to become entrepreneurs。
——Financial and taxation support,Minimizing the entrepreneurial costs of migrant workers。Pass "Tax Reduction、Interest rate cut、Free” three-pronged approach,Special exemptions and exemptions for migrant workers to start their own businesses,Vigorously reduce the entrepreneurial costs of migrant workers。
——Create various entrepreneurial parks,Create a good environment for migrant workers to start their own businesses。Use more preferential policies than those enjoyed by foreign investors,By establishing a migrant worker entrepreneurial park,In infrastructure、Supporting Services、Policy support、Industrial guidance、Talent Supply、Support for migrant workers’ entrepreneurial system in terms of land concessions and other aspects,Create a strong investment atmosphere for returning home,Enhancing the attraction of migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses。
——Make employment and entrepreneurship the first goal of the government。Establish the concept that "employment and entrepreneurship are the top priorities" among the multiple goals of government macro-control,Put employment as the first priority in government performance evaluation。
(The author Gu Shengzu is a member of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress、Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association、Professor of Wuhan University)
