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——On accelerating the transformation of economic development methods
Ren Zhongping
(1)2010, this century has entered its second decade.
China’s modernization has reached another intersection that affects its future.
“After nearly a hundred years of humiliation by foreigners、Invasion、After the war and unspeakable events，Chinese people are preparing to embrace their long-awaited dream，That is the modernization of the country”. When the world looks at this pursuer with sighing eyes60The figure who has worked hard for many years,“1949—
2049”
This timetable of China’s modernization，Also entered the stage of overcoming difficulties“Second half”. What can we rely on to ensure the sustainability of modernization?“First half”? China must make a choice.
“Achieve future economic development goals，The key is to accelerate the transformation of the economic development model、Major progress has been made in improving the socialist market economic system”. At the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a new vision began to coalesce.
“It is urgent to transform the mode of economic development”, an international financial crisis changed the traditional development method“Weakness”Show it all.2009At the Central Economic Work Conference at the end of the year, new tasks are imminent.
Accelerate the transformation of economic development mode,“Related to the overall situation of reform, opening up and socialist modernization”、Yes“In-depth implementation of the important goals and strategic measures of the Scientific Outlook on Development”。2010General Secretary Hu Jintao delivered an important speech at the special seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels at the beginning of the year，Leap to new understanding。
Accelerate the transformation of economic development mode,The proposition of this era、Development issues、Realistic problems，In the past year, with unprecedented severity，Looking forward to our solution。This year，We not only have the speed of developmentVType reversal，A more practical breakthrough in development methods。International public opinion pointed out sensitively，“This one is close10%Flying at the speed30, paying attentionGDPWhile growing, we began to pay more attentionGDP.”
People with more historical perspective also discovered，Just like the pace of transition from the planned economic system to the socialist market economic system，Extremely difficult but extremely determined；Today，This major developing country’s steps to transform its economic development model，Equally difficult and equally determined。
People will see it in a few years，This profound change in the economic field，It is another important choice that determines the fate of China’s modernization。
(2) This choice，Starting from the requirements of the times with scientific development，Resulting from the realistic worries that stability is not enough。
“Triggered by the financial crisis‘Infectious Disease’Many Western developed countries have fallen, and China is also facing‘Loss of immunity’'s danger. If there is no large-scale government investment,2009China’s economic growth may reach a low point in 20181%About.”
Why is this?
The financial system of developed countries is in a quagmire，The crisis spreads differently from the financial field to the real economy，China’s financial industry is healthy and stable，To the real economy“Hematopoiesis”The function is intact, why are we also naming this event“Finance”?
The problem lies in the way the economy develops.
Long time，my country’s economic growth is highly dependent on the international market，Foreign trade dependence has increased since the beginning of reform and opening up9.7%rising to current60%，Much higher than the world average。Such a high dependence on foreign trade，Bringing to the international market“Same as cool and hot”’s high risk。Once a crisis sweeps the world、Sharp decline in external demand，The troika driving China’s economy will inevitably lose its balance due to the free fall of exports。
Long time，my country’s enterprises have insufficient independent innovation capabilities，Lack of core technology、Lack of independent intellectual property rights，The comparative advantage of relying more on cheap labor、Relying on massive investment in resources and energy to earn meager profits at the low end of the international industrial chain。“World Factory”’s aura cannot be concealed90%’s embarrassment that the export products are OEM products。In the huge financial tsunami，These have no self“Mind”and“Heart”OEM is easier“Sinked”。
Focus on the international market、Light domestic demand，High cost advantage、Light independent innovation ability，Heavy material input、Light resource environment，Emphasis on wealth growth、Improving the level of social welfare，This is our long-term traditional development method。This development method does not pay enough attention to structural optimization、Increase in efficiency、Sustainability of the process and sharing of results，It is difficult to achieve the unity of quality and quantity、Unity of fast and good、The unity of things and people、The unity of man and nature。This type of development bet365 online sports betting appand the international financial crisis“Double meeting”, will naturally produce a strong resonance effect.“Although the financial crisis did not hit China directly, it‘Developmental disease’still made this behemoth stagger a little”。
“The forcing mechanism formed by the international financial crisis，Objectively, it provides a rare opportunity for my country to accelerate the transformation of its economic development model”，The resolute and scientific judgment of the Party Central Committee，Strengthened people to promote transformation through change、The determination to see hope from crisis。Through the roaring financial storm，The proposition of the times to accelerate the transformation of development methods，Beginning to take shape“Qualitative change”, heralding an important turning point in China’s modernization process.
(3)自18Second half of the century，Since the steam engine blew out the white steam and opened the door to modernization，Human civilization has undergone profound changes。
On the big stage of the modernization process，New and old powers appear one after another，Deduced a development chapter with unique characteristics，There is a conclusion that can be called a rule: a country must remain dynamic、Continuous upward development trend，The key is to keep the economic development method advancing with the times，Find the trend of the times、A modernization path that suits your own development stage。
near300Years of World Modernization History，It is an updated history of development methods。It is precisely relying on the industrial revolution，Turn to industry to build a country，That is why Britain is such an isolated island，Breeding extraordinary energy，Become a leader in world development spanning two centuries。It is the emphasis on scientific and technological invention、Believe“The patent system adds the fuel of profit to the fire of genius”，That’s why the United States, a student who originally copied European technology，Become a country with independent innovation capabilities，Seize the opportunity to become the world’s largest economic power，And enhance comprehensive national strength in continuous innovative ways、Consolidate the status of a superpower。
In sharp contrast is，1970s and 1980s，Latin America’s economy is taking off at a rapid pace，However, due to the failure to make timely transformation in the coordinated economic and social development such as income distribution，The long-term per capita income is blocked at6000USD“Glass dome”Falled in“Latin America Trap”。Same period，The rapid advancement of industrialization in Japan and South Korea，But neglected the transformation from industrial economy to knowledge economy，Enterprise development is still led by the government，Cause one by one“Super large enterprise”Lack of innovation vitality，Technology mostly stays at the level of imitation，Trapped“The dilemma between Japan and South Korea”。
There is no once-and-for-all modernization，There is no fixed way of development。On the issue of development methods，No change, no matter what，If you don’t advance, you will retreat，This historical experience tempered for more than two hundred years，It has become a national concept for countries around the world to promote modernization。
The international financial crisis is not over yet，A battle for the commanding heights of future development“Contest”It has been quietly surging: The United States will increase its R&D investment toGDPof3%，Hit an all-time high；The UK focuses on developing a low-carbon economy、Digital Economy，“Building Britain’s future”;EU announces investment1050100 million euros to develop green economy；Russia proposes to develop nano and nuclear energy technology……People clearly know，Such structural adjustment、Technological innovation and industrial upgrading are the prelude to the world economy entering a new growth cycle，They will affect it to a great extent“Post-crisis era”'s balance of national power, reconstructing the global economic and political map.
At this moment，China accelerates the transformation of its economic development model，Not only in line with the general law of change in the world’s economic development mode，It is more related to whether we can have new engines in future development，Can we gain new advantages in future competition，Can we achieve new achievements on the road to modernization。
(4)Before the founding of New China200, China was a laggard in the world's modernization process.
Modernization in China，Have a dream but no way。It is the birth of New China，Make Chinese people’s dreams clear“Schedule”：Use100Years to basically achieve modernization.
60Years have passed. Matches and kerosene used by Chinese people all have surnames“foreign”, many people left“Made in China”You will lose your comfortable life，China has achieved a historical leap from an agricultural society to the mid-stage of industrialization。Used by developed countries in Europe and the United States for nearly300year, only then10About 100 million people have entered the industrial society; China only used60Year, it will be13Billions of people brought into industrial society，Performing a legend in the history of human development。
Today, entering the modern era“Second Half”，Many factors and conditions that constitute China’s rapid economic development model、Internal and external environment、The driving bet365 online sports betting liveforce and mechanism of growth have undergone important changes。If the original development method is maintained and does not change，Future40What kind of path will we take in the year?
This is an unsustainable path for outward development“The Road to Risk”。“Danger often lies after the crisis is over”，The international financial crisis is fading away，It will take time to cultivate new economic growth points，The global economy may enter a period of relatively low growth；The savings rate of residents in developed countries will increase、Consumption rate continues to decline，International market demand may even shrink relatively in the short term。The kind of over-reliance on the export-oriented economy、“Big in and big out”’s traditional development method，Not only will it increase the risk，And it will be difficult to sustain in the future。Only if economic development is based more on expanding domestic demand，Only in order to remain invincible in the ever-changing international situation。
This is a path that cannot be supported by the resource environment“The Road to Bearing Loads”。China’s per capita resource and energy possessions are lower than the world average，But the consumption is much higher than the world average。This kind“Overeating”Type development method，Not only our own national conditions do not allow it，The global resource capacity is also difficult to carry。On the other hand，We are living in the most fragile ecological environment in history，Undertake the largest economic activity in history。If we follow the original development method，“Carbon emissions”It will become a worry that cannot be dissipated，It will not only become a bottleneck restricting economic development，It is also not conducive to China’s initiative to assume environmental protection, a common responsibility of mankind。
This is a difficult way to improve international competitiveness“The low-end road”. The international industrial division of labor is organized“U”shaped curve，One end is high-profit research and development、Design、Standard formulation, etc.，On the other end are high-profit brands、Sales and Service，The middle is low-profit processing and production。If new competitive advantages based on technological progress cannot be formed，China will stay for a long time“U”The middle section of the curve，Wandering at the middle and low end of the international industrial chain。With the land、Energy、Rising costs of labor and other factors，With the arrival of an aging society，The low cost we rely on“Comparative advantage”will also cease to exist.
This is a way that people’s welfare is difficult to increase“The road of things”. According to economics“Incentive Compatibility”Theory，The best institutional arrangement is one that enables people to pursue personal interests，Just in line with society’s goal of maximizing value。Today’s era，People are eager to share the fruits of reform and development、Solving the income distribution problem；Hope for fairness、Greening、The economic development method that maximizes national welfare。Transform the traditional economic development model with pure material growth as its core content，Let the people share the dividends from development、Meet people’s comprehensive development needs，Is an important driving force for continued development。
A recent report released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences believes that，China is on the road to modernization，Will encounter resource and environmental pressure、Challenges such as uneven development，If we follow the current conditions of modernization in developed countries“Historical experience”Go on，The probability that China will become a developed country by the end of this century is only4%。
Look around the world，Many countries have successfully launched the modernization process，But there are not many countries that can really promote the modernization process to continue and ultimately succeed。Many countries have entered the modernization process，The initial development momentum is quite good，But then there was a stagnation，Even reversed，The key reason is that the development method was not adjusted in time。
Rapid development30Many years later，China has reached such a juncture。The Party Central Committee proposed to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode，It is based on the profound insight into historical experience and practical challenges——
“Accelerating the transformation of economic development mode is to adapt to major changes in the global demand structure、The inevitable requirement to enhance our country’s economic ability to withstand international market risks，Is an inevitable requirement to improve sustainable development capabilities，To seize the commanding heights in international competition in the post-international financial crisis period、The inevitable requirement for striving for innovation advantage，It is to rationalize the distribution of national income、The inevitable requirement to promote social harmony and stability，It is to adapt to the new requirements of realizing the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way、The inevitable requirement to meet the people’s new expectations for a better life。”
(5) Destiny is not about opportunity，It’s about grasping and choosing opportunities。20Since the century，China has had two important transformations that determined the fate of modernization。
60The founding of New bet365 online sports bettingChina years ago，Completed the historic transformation from a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society to a new democratic society，Completely clearing away the institutional obstacles to China’s modernization，Laid the fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for all development and progress in contemporary China。Social system transformation，This is the first major decision that determines the fate of China’s modernization。
30Years ago, we used“Crossing the river by feeling the stones”Courage,“Crush a bloody path”determination，Opened the grand curtain of reform and opening up，Started the transformation from planned economic system to market economic system，Made us, an ancient nation that once occupied the center of human civilization，After falling behind the world’s modernization process for more than a century，Catching up with the latest wave of modernization。Economic System Transition，This is the second major decision that determines the fate of China’s modernization。
Today，The new situation faced by my country’s economic and social development in the new century and new stage、New task、Start with new features，Under the guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development，We have also put forward the proposition of the times to accelerate the transformation of the economic development model，And transform the country’s overall development model，Historic changes that promote the development of China’s economic and social sciences。Changes in development methods，This is another major decision that determines the fate of China’s modernization。
Social system transformation，Economic System Transition，Changes in development methods。Three changes，In different historical periods，Derived from different historical environments，Reflects the continuous improvement of our party’s ability to lead China’s development and progress、Continuous deepening of understanding of the laws of socialist modernization。If it’s the first time“Political system”Choice，Laid the institutional foundation for China’s modernization，Created New China60The brilliant achievements of making the country strong and the people rich; the second time“Economic System”Choice，Activated the source of power for China’s modernization，brought about reform and opening up30Years of rapid development; then this time“Development method”Choice，will determine the correct path for China’s modernization，Establishing a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development pattern for China in the future。
The theory of development economics，Economic development is not just about economic growth，It also involves environmental protection、Sustainable development、Consumption behavior、Culture、Relationships between people and other aspects。Change the way of economic development，Looks like a revolution in the economy，In essence“Related to the overall situation of reform, opening up and socialist modernization”. In the overall strategic layout of our party,“Accelerate economic structural adjustment，Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure，Accelerate the promotion of independent innovation，Accelerate the transformation of agricultural development methods，Accelerate the construction of ecological civilization，Accelerate the coordinated economic and social development，Accelerate the development of cultural industry，Accelerate the transformation of foreign economic development methods”,this8number“Accelerate”Related to economy、Society、All aspects of culture，Profoundly reflects the overall strategic significance of the transformation of economic development mode。
(6) Opportunities are fleeting.
Transforming the development mode is a common challenge faced by all countries after modernization enters a certain stage。Successfully met this challenge，To maintain the continuity of modernization，Otherwise，The cost of development will become higher and higher、The space will become smaller and smaller、The road will get harder and harder。
Since the last century80Since the year，The Party Central Committee has proposed to gradually shift from extensive management to intensive management。Enter the new century，The Party Central Committee further proposed the scientific outlook on development and the strategic thinking of promoting sound and rapid development of the national economy，The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it more clear“Change the way of economic development”'s strategic mission.
At the same time we should see，Although the transformation of economic development mode has achieved certain results over the years，However, overall economic development is still extensive。“GDPWorship”Still dispersed in some places，Emphasize speed over efficiency、Focus on the international market and ignore domestic demand、The phenomenon of focusing on wealth growth over investment in people’s livelihood still exists in some areas。Especially now，The pace of transformation is even more obviously lagging behind the international and domestic economic development situation，Incompatible with the requirement to resolve outstanding contradictions in economic operation，Incompatible with the requirements of effectively responding to international economic risks and challenges，Incompatible with the requirements of realizing scientific development。Change the way of economic development“Long-time tweet; forward”、“Not fast”, fully reflects the difficulty of the transformation.
Under the institutional mechanism of one-sided pursuit of growth rate，Those with large economic aggregate、Regions with bet365 online sports betting mobilefast growth，It is natural to be inspired by something，Despite the development benefits of these areas、The quality is not significant，Even serious environmental pollution；
In the context where the price formation mechanism cannot truly reflect the scarcity of resources and environmental costs，Companies can always easily obtain cheap production factors and earn high profits，Naturally, I won’t think of ways to change the way of economic development；
Under the cadre assessment and evaluation system that judges success or failure based on development speed and scale，Some places seem to place a high priority on changing the mode of economic development，It is also possible to keep an eye on the speed，“OK”give way“Quick”。
A breakthrough without a system，It will be difficult to achieve a fundamental change in the mode of economic development。Every specific change，We all have to face profound adjustment of interests，It may also bring new conflicts and problems，You can’t even see obvious results for the time being。Accelerate transformation，It is a tough battle，It is also a protracted battle，The key lies in solidly implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development，The way out lies in unswervingly advancing reform and opening up。Promote fundamental changes in the way of economic development through reform，After experiencing the pain of turning into a butterfly，We will gain a broader development stage。
(7) A period in human history that can be called a historical era，It is those themes that have a through-line、A period of great historical changes。
1949China will undoubtedly be in such a period after 2020, this60Year，New China comprehensively laid out the theme of modernization，With the reform and innovation of the Chinese Communists who keep pace with the times，The passionate performance of hundreds of millions of Chinese people，Write this theme into a national legend that attracts worldwide attention。
2010Beginning of the year，An article published by a foreign media commented like this:“In China，I am more convinced now than ever，When historians look back21In the first decade of the century，They will think that the most important event is not the Great Recession，But China’s Green Great Leap Forward”. Thomas·Friedman，This observer who is good at capturing the changes of the times，What have you seen on China’s modernization journey？
Every major crisis，Often brings opportunities for adjustment；Seize every opportunity for change，The city is brewing far-reaching changes。
Not afraid of any risks，Not confused by any interference，We will definitely be able to achieve a new historical leap in transforming the mode of economic development while deepening reforms。
Seize the opportunity tightly，Assume the historical mission，We will create a more glorious Chinese era in the process of modernization。
