bet365 online casino
Tapping into the huge emission reduction potential of the chemical fertilizer industry
“Under normal circumstances，Carbon is absorbed by crops through photosynthesis，Buried underground。Agriculture not only does not emit carbon，It also fixes carbon。However，Such a carbon sink function is destroyed after excessive use of chemical fertilizers，Changing the nature of the entire agricultural emissions，From carbon sink to carbon source。This is not only about，The impact of nitrogen oxides produced by excessive application of chemical fertilizers on warming per kilogram is approximately that of carbon dioxide298times，The large emissions caused by coal and other fossil fuels used in the excessive production of chemical fertilizers are often ignored by people。”
A few days ago，Professor Zhang Fusuo and Dr. Zhang Weifeng, deans of the School of Resources and Environment of China Agricultural University, made the above remarks in an interview with a reporter from Science Times。
The research team also discovered，The energy consumption of chemical fertilizers has accounted for 60 to 70% of the entire agricultural energy input。
■The fertilizer industry has huge greenhouse gas emissions
On the eve of the Copenhagen Summit，Our government solemnly declares，To2020Year unitGDPReduced carbon emissions40%～45%。How to synchronize emission reduction and economic development is a key problem that needs to be solved at present。
The research team believes，If scientific management，Agriculture can not only reduce or eliminate emissions，It can also absorb fixed carbon dioxide in the atmosphere。Compared to other industrial sectors that can only rely on reducing emissions，Agriculture has a special and important position in the development of low-carbon economy。
200012876_12903，The total amount of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is6.21Billions of tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, accounting for 1% of the country’s total emissions17%，Among them, the methane and nitrogen dioxide emissions from agriculture account for 1% of the national total50%and92%。And in Zhang Fusuo、In Zhang Weifeng’s opinion，Excessive production and application of chemical fertilizers is the main reason why my country’s agriculture loses its role as a carbon sink and becomes a carbon source。
2007, my country’s nitrogen fertilizer output reached4200Ten thousand tons of pure nitrogen。bet365 online sports betting mobileAccording to research by relevant personnel of China Agricultural University，my country’s annual energy consumption for nitrogen fertilizer production reaches1100 million tons of standard coal，Greenhouse gases emitted during energy extraction and nitrogen fertilizer processing equal to3Billions of tons of carbon dioxide equivalent；Add emissions from nitrogen fertilizer application，Nitrogen fertilizers emit approximately5Billions of tons of carbon dioxide equivalent，Deducting the amount fixed by nitrogen fertilizer application to increase crop yield0.7Billions of tons of carbon dioxide, net greenhouse gas emissions reaching4.3Billions of tons of carbon dioxide, accounting for approximately 1% of the country’s total emissions8%, the number is quite huge.
■Innovating the fertilizer industry can make an important contribution to emission reduction
Zhang Fusuo、Zhang Weifeng thinks，From the structural adjustment of chemical fertilizer industry、Start with product optimization and application of scientific fertilization technology，my country’s agriculture has huge potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions。
First，Excess production capacity should be reduced。my country’s nitrogen fertilizer production capacity has reached4800Ten thousand tons, and it is still growing rapidly.2007Annual output reached4217Ten thousand tons, accounting for the world’s total35%，2008year reached4331Ten thousand tons, an increase of2.7%，Far beyond our country’s agricultural needs，Even considering industrial demand, there is approximately a surplus700Ten thousand tons of pure nitrogen, exported every year200Ten thousand tons of pure nitrogen. Emissions can be reduced if excess production is reduced4700Ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide.The output of my country's small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer enterprises accounts for the country's total output60%Around, average energy consumption per ton of ammonia2tons of standard coal, the highest can reach3.8ton，About twice that of large advanced companies，If the energy consumption of all enterprises reaches the standards of large enterprises，The country can reduce emissions by about8200Ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide.It can realize the energy saving in the fertilizer industry required by the national energy saving plan17%target, can also reduce emissions by approximately4600Ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide.
Secondly，Product structure should be optimized。my country’s chemical fertilizer products have long been out of touch with agricultural needs，Nutrient waste and loss are extremely serious，It not only increases the burden on farmers，Another increase in greenhouse gas emissions。In recent years，my country vigorously bet365 online casinodevelops compound (mixed) fertilizer，Production has reached5000More than 10,000 tons, registered formulas3.210,000；Most compound fertilizers are secondary processing，Additional energy consumption and emissions of approximately550Ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide.However, existing compound fertilizer varieties often lead farmers to use more chemical fertilizers，Consumption of too many nutrients。
China Agricultural University2009Carried out in year1152Household survey results show that,“One bombardment”The dosage of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer has exceeded1000Ten thousand tons, its nitrogen input is higher than ordinary chemical fertilizer18%, higher than recommended dosage25%，Not only did it not bring significant yield increase effects to farmers，Also brought burning seedlings、Later-stage defertilization and other mass production issues。If the national compound fertilizer formula could be optimized，Making it suitable for agricultural needs，You can save about200Ten thousand tons of nitrogen, reducing greenhouse gas emissions2200Ten thousand tons.
Third, fertilization should be done scientifically. National soil testing and formula fertilization3000Multiple field trials and demonstration results show，The promotion and application of this technology can reduce the irrational use of nitrogen10%, especially in economically developed areas.
China Agricultural University and cooperative units jointly conducted nationwide1517Field trial results show，Nutrient management technology can reduce nitrogen fertilizer consumption in the Taihu Lake Basin and North China Plain30%～50%, increased grain production8%. It can be seen that scientific fertilization has at least10%～30%, the emission reduction amount can reach approximately140010,000～5500Ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide.
Therefore，Zhang Fusuo、Zhang Weifeng thinks，Reducing excess fertilizer production by adopting measures、Energy saving and consumption reduction、Optimize product structure、Scientific fertilization and other measures，Eliminate duplicate calculations，Conservative estimate，To2020Innovation in the fertilizer industry can reduce emissions1.4Billions of tons of carbon dioxide, accounting for approximately2007The national energy sector emission reduction targets proposed in the "Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Renewable Energy" issued by the Chinese government12billion tons12%。
■Innovation direction of chemical fertilizer industry
The chemical fertilizer industry is a high energy consumption and high emission industry。Zhang Fusuo、Zhang Weifeng thinks，my country’s fertilizer industry must and can only have the sole goal of meeting my country’s agricultural bet365 online sports betting mobileneeds。For this，They made the following suggestions。
一，Control production capacity、Restricted export。The rapid growth of my country’s fertilizer production capacity and the existence of a large number of high-energy-consuming enterprises，Mainly due to the support of national preferential policies。estimated，Electricity for fertilizer production、Gas discount，VAT reduction and other measures provide annual subsidies of up to500More than 100 million yuan，Companies with greater energy consumption will receive more subsidies。It is recommended to reduce the preferential energy policy for fertilizer production as soon as possible，Integration through reorganization，Eliminate high energy-consuming enterprises；Encourage enterprises to extend the industrial chain，Absorb excess carbon through by-products，Ultimately reduce carbon emissions；Restrict fertilizer exports at the same time，Our country cannot emit greenhouse gases domestically，Give agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction to others。
Second，According to agricultural needs，Reinvent chemical fertilizer products。my country’s existing chemical fertilizer products focus on corporate economic benefits，But neglected to match agricultural needs such as crops and soil，Resulting in more and more chemical fertilizers being used，Crop yield、Not only does farmers’ income not increase, but it causes an increase in production costs、Increased environmental pressure。It is recommended that the chemical fertilizer industry be close to agricultural needs，Completely changing the pursuit of chemical fertilizer products“Shiquan Dabu Pills”And the practice of maximizing economic benefits，Based on national soil testing results of formula fertilization，Production of high-efficiency chemical fertilizers suitable for different crops and different soils。
Third，Continue to vigorously promote scientific fertilization technologies such as soil testing and formula fertilization。Promotion of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology5Remarkable results over the past year，While saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency，Make the concept of scientific fertilization deeply rooted in the hearts of the people。It is recommended to continue to promote soil testing and formulated fertilization technology，Establish a long-term mechanism。Encourage enterprises to actively participate，Guide enterprises to optimize industry and product structure，Promote technology upgrade，Continue to save fertilizer and increase efficiency、The concept of energy conservation and emission reduction is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people，and become“Two-type society”The supporting force of development.
("Science Times"2010Year03month02日 Author: Wang Hui)
