Counselor of the State Council Ren Yuling
After entering the New Year，Zhongnanhai held five consecutive symposiums in less than a month，The themes all revolve around one content - education。
To promote educational equity，The Chinese government vigorously promotes free compulsory education and the balanced development of education，Basically achieved this regardless of the disparity between rich and poor，Children can have books to read during compulsory education。But，Due to many new situations in social development、Occurrence of new problems，Especially because of the serious differences in the allocation of educational resources，still causes many inequities in education。
As the famous French thinker Rousseau said，Education is a great tool to achieve social justice。Education is fair，Society can be fair。
At the same time，my country's "Education Law" stipulates that citizens enjoy equal opportunities to receive education，Should not be restricted by property status。
Based on the author’s investigation，The unfair education in China has at least the following five problems that need to be paid attention to and solved。
Regional and urban-rural disparities cause educational inequality
Currently，Regional gaps and the gap between urban and rural areas are obviously widening，Making the allocation of educational resources seriously unbalanced，causing unfairness in education。
2009Reported by "Qiushi" magazine20Per capita income of farmers in cities，Shanghai Pudong and Jiangsu Kunshan are12000Yuan, Dingxi, Gansu1800Yuan, the income difference among farmers alone7More than times。As understood，The difference in per capita fiscal income between some prefectures and cities is as high as10-50About times，Under the circumstance that compulsory education is “based on counties”，Due to county financial difficulties，It will inevitably cause difficulties in education。
The year before last，The author discovered during an investigation in a city in Hunan，The central government clearly requires that each person in the public security bureau, procuratorate and law be increased4In the case of office expenses of 10,000 yuan，Because the local area is "food finance"，Solve policy requirements by reducing fiscal expenditures on education and agriculture。
Some primary and secondary schools，Due to sufficient local funds，The school building is spacious、Exquisite building、Beautiful environment、First-rate facilities，All kinds of advanced equipment are available，Language Room、Computer room、Lab、Piano Room、Musical Instrument Room、Painting Room、Sculpture Room、Swimming pool、Art Gallery、Library、Gymnasium、Some also have lifting squares、Leisure morning reading park, etc.。In other places, financial investment is difficult，Education funds are extremely low，Causes the school space to be narrow、Dirty house、Difficulties in boarding，The teaching method used in some schools is still a blackboard，A piece of chalk and the teacher’s mouth。
The author recently discovered during his investigation in Henan，Next to Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway、A non-poor county on the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway，There is an old junior high school in the county4000There are many people, only two multimedia classrooms. County95%’s school share a dry toilet，There is no running water in the toilet。Rainy day，Teacher、Students have to go to the toilet in the rain。bet365 online sports betting appDue to difficulties in county financial investment，Some school teachers’ offices are still in small houses with asbestos tiles banned by the state。Financial difficulties also result in low teacher salaries，Several jobs eight、Nine years of middle school teacher，Monthly income is only eight、Nine hundred yuan，Resulting in serious loss of teachers。Many primary and secondary schools do not have teachers with bachelor’s degrees，The teaching quality is very poor。
The financial investment difficulties in some counties have also caused many primary schools to be unable to offer computer classes and English classes in third grade as required by the state，Some students have not been exposed to foreign languages and computers until they graduate from primary school。Some schools do not have music、Art teacher，Such courses cannot be started either，As a result, children in some areas are far behind children in developed areas and cities at the starting line。
Educational unfairness caused by biased system design
First, there are problems with enrollment nearby。Compulsory education should be enrolled nearby，But the nearest school is a high-quality school，If you don’t take the money，You cannot enroll even if the school is guarding your door。The author’s neighbor’s home is not far enough from a primary school in Zhongguancun50meter，Because this elementary school is a high-quality school，Rich people from all walks of life are eyeing this school，I am willing to pay for my children to study in this school，So the school excluded the nearby children。The neighbor’s child had to go away from home to make an appointment1.5Kilometers to pass4Attending primary school at the intersection。For children to go to elementary school，Parents cannot travel on business，Can’t be sick，Pick-up and drop-off available all year round, rain or shine。
Children in the vast rural areas，Because I want to go to school nearby, I have to study in a junior high school in the countryside，Can’t go to a good school in the city。Although there are high-quality schools in some areas that want to recruit outstanding students，But the local school does not allow it，This also creates unfairness for children’s education。
Second, there are problems with the college entrance examination admission system。Schools in some of our big cities were developed through scissor differences in the past planned economy era，Gathering money from rural areas、Developed with the help of a nationwide game of chess，There are also some famous schools left by our ancestors。But，The current admissions system is not based on merit-based admissions。Instead, quotas are allocated to various places，When allocating quota，Regardless of population and source of students。This kind of enrollment design creates difficulties for high school students in some places to enter college。For example, near Henan1billion population, number of high school graduates every year96Ten thousand, only those who can study outside the province6000People, the national enrollment quota for Peking University and Tsinghua University is8.3‰, but in Henan it is0.1‰，Causing great injustice。Local students said emotionally，The college entrance examination is a single-plank bridge for candidates across the country，For candidates in our province, they are walking a tightrope。
The third problem is the serious uneven allocation of higher education resources。Seriously uneven allocation of higher education resources，bet365 online sports betting appHaving brought great difficulties to the college entrance examination in many provinces and regions。Take Henan as an example，Everyone nationwide1000Ten thousand people own ordinary colleges and universities14.22Henan but not here9; the national ratio of undergraduate to junior college students is6:4, while Henan is only4.5:5.5，Undergraduate student，There is a huge gap with the rest of the country。Viewed from the layout of key schools，Henan9800Ten thousand people, only one school211School(Zhengzhou University)。985There is no school in Henan。There are few schools in the province，Key schools outside have few recruits，So they think they have to squeeze each other on the tightrope，Maybe spend a lot of money to go to big cities to attend fee-paying schools run by public schools。
Student family income is too low
The unfair education caused by this
Government policy on free admission to compulsory education，The goal of enabling everyone to enroll in compulsory education has been basically achieved。But，Due to the poverty of some students’ families，Add high school、University fees are too high，Still causing some poor students to face high school、Difficulties in University。Especially schools with better teaching quality，There are significantly fewer children with low family income。Henan Xinyang High School is the author’s alma mater，Year90%The above are children of farmers，Nowadays, there are greatly fewer children in rural areas。We found it in the student dormitory，Most students’ beds are filled with shoes from one end to the other，Children who only have one pair of shoes or one pair of slippers under the bed，Only a few。The principal said，Those with fewer shoes under the bed are from families with lower incomes、Students from rural areas。Huanghuai University in Zhumadian City has established a college jointly run with foreign universities，This college allows you to continue studying abroad after three years，More expensive，When local residents have low income，Cause the university although it is local，Most of those who may go to school are students from developed areas in other provinces。Another example，The proportion of rural students at Sun Yat-sen University has dropped to6%below。Registration book display of a prestigious university in Beijing，Farmers’ children have also fallen to the lowest level13%. This is the same as the number of children of farmers in primary and secondary schools70%Compared with the above, it shows an excessive disparity.
Nowadays, the annual university fees are generally at3500More than yuan，PLUS LIFE、Accommodation、Book fees, etc.，The annual income of an ordinary farmer(4500yuan yuan)Not enough to train a college student。And the data shows，Training a college student in Europe，The required fee is only equivalent to the family income10%。How to work towards this goal in our country，I’m afraid we need to work hard from two aspects: reducing college fees and increasing farmers’ income。
Ineffective implementation of government regulations
The unfair education caused by
Under the impact of market economy, enter1990End of the decade，Irregular charges appear in all aspects。Education is no exception。Originally, arbitrary charges need to be rectified，But due to the excessive fees for education，Some competent departments have commissions，bet365 online sports betting appCoupled with the high income of high-quality schools that charge arbitrary fees、Great benefit，Many descendants of powerful and famous people study in these schools through the back door，So their voice is strong。Resulting in rectification of arbitrary fees and compromising on such schools，Retreat the opposition to arbitrary charging to the "three limits" standard，Limited number of people、Limited amount of money、Limited score，And only suitable for high school。But，Due to various reasons，The enforcement of government regulations is still further weakened，Unreasonable charges are not limited to the amount of money、Number of people and scores，And this kind of regulation is only suitable for high schools，Expand to high-quality junior high schools and primary schools。Junior high school、Primary school、High schools charge school choice fees one after another，Intensity is getting stronger。This will make you rich、Entitled children attend quality schools，No money、Children without rights have no way to enter high-quality schools。
In addition，The government has already made regulations，Children of migrant workers should be allowed to attend school in their place of residence。But，Due to the lack of implementation and supervision of government policies，Some schools in some places still charge high fees for the children of migrant workers。Not long ago，CCTV reports on Foshan, Guangdong，Dozens of parents of children of migrant workers criticized the school，Why should they "voluntarily" surrender18000yuan sponsorship fee，After the problem is reported to the Education Bureau，The relevant leader said that he could not control this situation，You shouldn’t care so much。This has brought great difficulties and burdens to the children of migrant workers in school，Also caused2000More than tens of thousands of children can only stay in rural areas，Separated from parents for many years。
Lack of urbanization policies for migrant workers
The unfair education caused by
China’s urbanization rate increases by one percentage point a year，This is actually directly related to the migration of migrant workers into cities。But，Urbanization in recent years has only made a change in the statistical method，In fact, the migrant workers who come to the city are not truly citizens。Migrant workers work in some cities，Some have exceeded10Year,20year, even30Year，But they do not enjoy the public housing policy、Children’s education policy and medical care、Guarantee policy, etc.。For example, Dongguan, Guangdong，Migrant workers are approximately equal to the local population5times, close1000ten thousand people，Local public primary and secondary schools cannot meet the needs of real migrant workers，Many migrant workers can only leave their children to study in their hometown。Although some migrant workers bring their second generation with them to study，But most of them can only attend private primary and secondary schools。The private schools serving migrant workers are close here200So，But the school conditions are much different from those of public primary and secondary schools。Public school teacher salary for one year10-12Ten thousand yuan, while the salary of private school teachers is only one year2more bet365 online sports betting appthan 10,000 yuan。Such a disparity in income，The quality of education enjoyed by the children of migrant workers will inevitably lead to a huge gap with that of public schools。
In addition，Both are compulsory education，Because children of migrant workers enter private schools，Not only can you not enjoy two free and one subsidy，Even teachers’ salaries have to be paid by the parents of these students。This also causes unfair education。
The above survey results show，Although we have done a lot of work in promoting educational equity，But there are still many problems。In order to build a harmonious society，Promote social equity，We still need to work hard on educational equity。This not only requires increased national financial investment，Solve the difficulties faced by “county-based” counties with financial difficulties，And we must promote standardized school running，To narrow regional differences and urban-rural differences in running schools，In particular, the educational environment in the compulsory education stage must be generally unified，Without widening the gap between the children at the starting line。Also，About the expansion of high schools in underdeveloped areas、University configuration，Education of children of migrant workers in developed areas、Issues such as arbitrary fees charged by schools and the ambiguity of national college entrance examination admissions，All need to be under the leadership of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the scientific outlook on development，Carry out serious reforms and improvements。
High-level central officials pay close attention to educational equity
"The main problem we want to solve，First, education equity，The second is the reform of the education system。”
——1month31Sunday morning，Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council said when he came to Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing to talk about education。
“It is necessary to focus the allocation of educational resources and work on improving quality、Characteristic development and promotion of fairness，Promote the coordinated development of all types of education at all levels，Ensure equal access to education for different groups。”
——在1month14Sunday15Ministry of Education held on 30167_301742010At the annual work meeting，Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee、State Councilor Liu Yandong made it clear。
"Highlight the key points，Increase investment，Adapt to the needs of economic and social development，Strive to promote educational equity、Improve the quality of education”
——In the Ministry of Education2010At the annual work meeting, bet365 online sports betting appEducation Minister Yuan Guiren emphasized2010Education work in 2020 should be more proactive in promoting the pace of reform in key areas and key links。
